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Impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en 2020 en el diagnóstico, tratamiento y pronóstico de los principales cánceres
Yaxiong Tang1, Lede Lin1, Zeyu Han1
1Department of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
International journal of surgery (London, England)
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
La pandemia de COVID-19 redujo los nuevos diagnósticos de cáncer, a menudo en etapas posteriores, pero la oportunidad de tratamiento no se vio afectada. Algunos cánceres mostraron una peor supervivencia, requiriendo más estudio.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Epidemiología
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La pandemia de COVID-19 tuvo un impacto significativo en los sistemas de salud mundiales en 2020.
- Las vías de atención del cáncer y los resultados de los pacientes se enfrentaron a desafíos sin precedentes.
- Existen datos limitados sobre los efectos específicos de la pandemia en los principales tipos de cáncer.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de la pandemia de COVID-19 en el diagnóstico, el tratamiento y la supervivencia de seis cánceres principales en 2020.
- Para analizar los cambios en la etapa del cáncer en el diagnóstico y el grado del tumor.
- Evaluar los retrasos en el tratamiento y la supervivencia específica del cáncer (CSS).
Principales métodos:
- Utilizó conjuntos de datos de vigilancia, epidemiología y resultados finales (SEER)-22 y SEER-17 para el análisis.
- Evaluar los cambios anuales en los nuevos casos de cáncer y las características diagnósticas.
- Se emplearon modelos de regresión logística para analizar la etapa, el grado y los factores demográficos.
- Tiempo estimado desde el diagnóstico hasta el tratamiento y supervivencia específica del cáncer (CSS).
Principales resultados:
- Los nuevos diagnósticos de cáncer de pulmón, mama, próstata, colorrectal, páncreas y útero disminuyeron en 2020.
- Cinco de los seis cánceres fueron diagnosticados con mayor frecuencia en etapas avanzadas.
- Los pacientes tenían más probabilidades de tener tumores de alto grado; menos residían en grandes áreas urbanas.
- No se observaron retrasos significativos en los intervalos entre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento.
- El cáncer colorrectal mostró una tendencia hacia un CSS peor; otros permanecieron estables.
Conclusiones:
- La pandemia condujo a una disminución de los diagnósticos de cáncer, a menudo en etapas posteriores, con impactos demográficos variados en los pacientes.
- Si bien se mantuvo la puntualidad del tratamiento, algunos cánceres demostraron tendencias negativas potenciales de supervivencia.
- Es necesario un seguimiento más prolongado para determinar plenamente los efectos a largo plazo en la supervivencia específica del cáncer.
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