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Mapeo de los barrancos urbanos en la República Democrática del Congo
Guy Ilombe Mawe1,2,3, Eric Lutete Landu1,3,4, Elise Dujardin5,6
1Department of Geography, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.
Nature
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
Los barrancos urbanos en la República Democrática del Congo (RDC) han desplazado a más de 118.000 personas desde 2004. Las tasas de desplazamiento están aumentando, con millones más en riesgo debido a la expansión urbana y el cambio climático.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la Tierra
- Planificación urbana
- Ciencias del medio ambiente
Sus antecedentes:
- Los grandes barrancos urbanos son un peligro geo-hidrológico significativo en las ciudades tropicales, particularmente en el Sur Global.
- La planificación urbana inadecuada y la gestión inadecuada de las precipitaciones exacerban la erosión del suelo y la formación de barrancos.
- El alcance total y el impacto social de los barrancos urbanos siguen siendo poco conocidos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el alcance y el impacto de los barrancos urbanos en la República Democrática del Congo (RDC).
- Para cuantificar el desplazamiento de población causado por los barrancos urbanos.
- Analizar las tendencias en la expansión de los barrancos y los riesgos asociados.
Principales métodos:
- Cartografía de barrancos en 26 ciudades de la RDC para identificar y contar barrancos urbanos.
- Combinando las tasas de formación/crecimiento de barrancos con los datos de densidad de población para estimar el desplazamiento.
- Análisis de la exposición de la población en posibles zonas de expansión de barrancos a lo largo del tiempo.
Principales resultados:
- Identificó 2.922 barrancos urbanos en 26 ciudades de la RDC.
- Se estima que 118,600 personas fueron desplazadas por barrancos urbanos entre 2004 y 2023, con tasas crecientes después de 2020.
- La población en las posibles zonas de expansión de barrancos se duplicó de 1,6 a 3,2 millones (2010-2023).
Conclusiones:
- Los barrancos urbanos representan una amenaza grave y creciente en la RDC, desplazando a poblaciones significativas.
- El aumento de la exposición es impulsado por la expansión urbana y el cambio climático, lo que requiere una acción urgente.
- El desarrollo de estrategias de mitigación y prevención es crucial para hacer frente a este peligro creciente.
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