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Modos cero fuertes y pretérmicos topológicos en procesadores superconductores

Feitong Jin1, Si Jiang2,3, Xuhao Zhu1

  • 1School of Physics, ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation Center, and Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Quantum Chips and Quantum Control, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.

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Los investigadores observaron nuevos modos de borde topológico en qubits superconductores que persisten a temperaturas finitas. Estos modos robustos y de larga vida pueden usarse como qubits, ofreciendo un nuevo camino para la computación cuántica en sistemas libres de desorden.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Física de la materia condensada
  • Ciencia de la información cuántica
  • Simulación Cuántica

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las fases topológicas protegidas por simetría carecen de parámetros de orden local y son típicamente inestables a temperaturas finitas debido a excitaciones térmicas.
  • La comprensión convencional limita la estabilidad de los modos de borde topológico a la temperatura cero, lo que restringe sus aplicaciones prácticas.
  • Los sistemas libres de desorden son cruciales para la computación cuántica robusta, pero la protección topológica generalmente requiere bajas temperaturas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Observar y caracterizar un nuevo tipo de modo de borde topológico protegido por simetrías emergentes.
  • Para demostrar la persistencia de estos modos de borde en todo el espectro a temperaturas finitas.
  • Explorar el uso de estos modos de borde topológico como qubits robustos y de larga vida en un sistema libre de desorden.

Principales métodos:

  • Simulación cuántica digital de un estabilizador Hamiltoniano unidimensional sin desorden utilizando una matriz de 100 qubits superconductores programables.
  • Observación de los modos de borde topológico durante períodos prolongados (hasta 30 ciclos) para varios estados iniciales.
  • La supresión de la interacción de excitación de modo de borde a través de la dimerización de la fuerza del estabilizador, revelando la simetría emergente U(1) × U(1).

Principales resultados:

  • Observación de modos de borde topológico robustos y de larga duración protegidos por simetrías emergentes, que persisten en todo el espectro a temperaturas finitas.
  • Demostración de coherencia persistente en un estado lógico de Bell preparado utilizando estos modos de borde topológico como qubits.
  • Confirmación de que la estabilidad del modo de borde es alcanzable en sistemas libres de desorden incluso a temperaturas finitas.

Conclusiones:

  • El estudio establece un enfoque viable de simulación digital para el estudio de la materia topológica a temperaturas finitas.
  • Las simetrías emergentes y los regímenes pretérmicos permiten la creación de modos de borde topológico robustos y de larga duración en sistemas libres de desorden.
  • Estos hallazgos presentan una ruta prometedora para la construcción de robustos qubits límite para aplicaciones de computación cuántica.