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La interacción entre los ritmos circadianos y el envejecimiento: mecanismos moleculares y estrategias terapéuticas
Prashant Dhaka1, Neha2, Risabh Kumar1
1Department of Toxicology, School of Chemical and Life Sciences, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
Biogerontology
|August 27, 2025
Resumen
El envejecimiento interrumpe los ritmos circadianos esenciales, afectando el sueño, la cognición y aumentando los riesgos de enfermedades neurodegenerativas y metabólicas. Dirigirse a estos ritmos biológicos ofrece estrategias terapéuticas prometedoras para un envejecimiento saludable y una mejor calidad de vida.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cronología
- Gerontología
- Biología molecular
Sus antecedentes:
- Los ritmos circadianos gobiernan los ciclos de 24 horas vitales para el sueño, la inmunidad y la secreción de hormonas.
- El envejecimiento altera significativamente estos ritmos, afectando a numerosos procesos fisiológicos.
- La alteración de la función circadiana está relacionada con enfermedades relacionadas con la edad.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la compleja relación entre los ritmos circadianos y el envejecimiento.
- Aclarar los mecanismos moleculares subyacentes a los cambios circadianos relacionados con la edad.
- Explorar intervenciones terapéuticas dirigidas a las vías circadianas para un envejecimiento saludable.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura centrada en la biología circadiana y el envejecimiento.
- Análisis de los mecanismos moleculares, incluidos los genes CLOCK (por ejemplo, BMAL1, Per2).
- Examen de los vínculos entre el trastorno circadiano y las enfermedades relacionadas con la edad.
Principales resultados:
- El envejecimiento altera los patrones de sueño y la regulación circadiana.
- El trastorno circadiano está implicado en enfermedades neurodegenerativas (Parkinson, Alzheimer) y trastornos metabólicos (obesidad, diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares).
- Los genes CLOCK del núcleo juegan un papel regulador en estos cambios relacionados con la edad.
Conclusiones:
- Comprender cómo el envejecimiento afecta la regulación circadiana es crucial.
- Dirigirse a las vías circadianas presenta vías terapéuticas prometedoras.
- Las intervenciones pueden mejorar la esperanza de vida y la calidad de vida de las poblaciones que envejecen.
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