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Desde el bloqueo hasta el COVID largo: desentrañar el vínculo entre el sueño, el cronotipo y los síntomas del COVID

Mariam Tsaava¹, Tamar Basishvili¹, Irine Sakhelashvili²

¹Tengiz Oniani Laboratory of Sleep-Wakefulness Cycle Study, Ilia State University, Tbilisi 0179, Georgia.

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

La mala calidad del sueño antes y durante la pandemia de COVID-19 aumenta el riesgo de desarrollar síntomas de COVID prolongados. El monitoreo de la salud del sueño es crucial para identificar a las personas en riesgo durante las crisis de salud globales.

Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina del sueño
Epidemiología de las enfermedades infecciosas
Salud pública

Sus antecedentes:

El COVID prolongado presenta síntomas heterogéneos, lo que dificulta el tratamiento y el manejo.
Comprender los factores de riesgo para el COVID prolongado es esencial para la identificación y la intervención tempranas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre la calidad del sueño antes de la pandemia, los cambios en el sueño relacionados con la pandemia y la preferencia circadiana con el riesgo de COVID prolongado.
Identificar factores específicos relacionados con el sueño que predicen el desarrollo de síntomas de COVID prolongados.

Principales métodos:

Una encuesta en línea recopiló datos de 384 participantes que se habían recuperado de COVID-19.
Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística para evaluar la relación entre las variables del sueño y la COVID larga.
Los participantes fueron categorizados en función de la presencia de al menos un síntoma de COVID prolongado.

Principales resultados:

Los pacientes con COVID de larga duración informaron de una peor calidad del sueño, mayor estrés y mayor excitación antes del sueño.
La fatiga y los problemas de memoria fueron los síntomas más frecuentes de la COVID prolongada.
El mal sueño pre-pandémico, el deterioro del sueño durante la pandemia y el mal sueño actual estaban significativamente relacionados con el COVID prolongado. El cronotipo matinal extremo fue un predictor consistente.

Conclusiones:

El empeoramiento de la calidad del sueño durante el pico de la pandemia se asocia con una mayor probabilidad de COVID prolongado.
El monitoreo de la salud del sueño durante las pandemias puede ayudar a identificar a las personas en riesgo.
Los hallazgos tienen implicaciones clínicas y sociales significativas para el manejo de las consecuencias a largo plazo de las pandemias para la salud.

Palabras clave:

El COVID-19 El cronotipo COVID largo excitación antes del sueño calidad del sueño

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