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Dinámica cognitivo-afectiva de la polarización de las actitudes políticas: evidencia conductual basada en EEG de una

Jing Li¹, Zhiwei Xu²

¹School of Political Science and Public Administration, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.

Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

La polarización política es impulsada por la identidad, pero su base neuronal es desconocida. Este estudio utilizó EEG para encontrar que los partidarios de los mandatos de la vacuna COVID-19 mostraron una mayor actividad de la corteza prefrontal derecha gamma1, lo que indica un procesamiento cognitivo más profundo.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Ciencias políticas
Ciencias cognitivas

Sus antecedentes:

La polarización política se deriva de los procesos cognitivo-afectivos basados en la identidad.
Los mecanismos neuronales del procesamiento de textos de políticas en tiempo real no se comprenden bien.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las bases neuronales de la evaluación de las políticas utilizando la electroencefalografía (EEG).
Explorar cómo la alineación ideológica influye en el procesamiento cognitivo-afectivo durante el juicio político.

Principales métodos:

Utilizamos EEG para registrar las respuestas neuroconductuales de 70 participantes políticamente estratificados.
Los participantes realizaron una tarea de juicio sobre los mandatos de vacunación contra la COVID-19.
Se analizaron datos electrofisiológicos, centrados en la actividad gamma1 (30-50 Hz) en la corteza prefrontal.

Principales resultados:

Se observó una actividad gamma1 significativamente elevada en la corteza prefrontal derecha en los partidarios de las políticas.
Esta mayor actividad sugiere un mayor compromiso de atención e integración de valores entre los partidarios.
Demostró disociaciones neuronales topográficamente específicas relacionadas con la alineación ideológica.

Conclusiones:

EEG puede cuantificar las evaluaciones políticas implícitas basadas en la identidad.
La alineación ideológica modula significativamente el procesamiento cognitivo-afectivo durante el juicio político.
Los hallazgos ofrecen nuevos métodos para decodificar la polarización política en contextos políticos.

Palabras clave:

El EEG neurociencia del comportamiento compromiso cognitivo polarización política corteza prefrontal derecha

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