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La inteligencia emocional y el uso de la inteligencia artificial por parte de los adolescentes: un estudio entre
Marco Andrea Piombo1, Sabina La Grutta1, Maria Stella Epifanio1
1Department of Psychology, Educational Science and Human Movement, University of Palermo, 90128 Palermo, Italy.
Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Los adolescentes usan la IA más que los padres, confiando más en ella. Una mayor inteligencia emocional y una crianza autoritaria se correlacionan con un compromiso cauteloso con la IA, lo que sugiere la necesidad de una guía digital.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología del desarrollo
- Interacción hombre-computadora
- El bienestar digital
Sus antecedentes:
- La Inteligencia Artificial (IA) tiene un impacto significativo en las experiencias digitales de los adolescentes, lo que representa un riesgo para la privacidad y la salud psicológica.
- Comprender las diferencias generacionales en el uso y la confianza de la IA es crucial para navegar por estos riesgos.
- Factores como la inteligencia emocional y los estilos de crianza pueden influir en la forma en que los adolescentes se involucran con la IA.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la brecha generacional en el uso de la IA y la confianza entre adolescentes y padres.
- Examinar las asociaciones entre el rasgo Inteligencia Emocional (rasgo EI), los estilos de crianza, el apoyo social y la participación de los padres con el compromiso de la IA de los adolescentes.
- Identificar perfiles de usuario basados en patrones de interacción y factores de influencia de la IA.
Principales métodos:
- Encuesta a 170 adolescentes (de 13 a 17 años) y 175 padres en el sur de Italia utilizando cuestionarios estandarizados.
- Evaluación de los estilos de crianza, la inteligencia emocional de los rasgos, el apoyo social, la alfabetización digital y el uso / confianza de la IA.
- Análisis de clúster en 47 parejas de padres y adolescentes para identificar tipologías de usuarios.
Principales resultados:
- Los adolescentes informaron un mayor uso de la IA, particularmente para el apoyo académico / laboral y el asesoramiento conductual, y una mayor confianza en la seguridad y la calidad del asesoramiento de la IA en comparación con los padres.
- La EI de rasgos elevada y la crianza autoritativa se relacionaron con un uso menos frecuente de la IA y una menor confianza en la IA.
- El análisis de clúster reveló "usuarios equilibrados" (inteligencia artificial con rasgos altos, crianza autoritaria, apoyo fuerte, uso cauteloso de la IA) y "usuarios en riesgo" (inteligencia artificial con rasgos bajos, crianza autoritaria, apoyo bajo, uso intenso/confiado de la IA).
Conclusiones:
- Los adolescentes muestran patrones distintos de uso y confianza de la IA en comparación con los padres, lo que pone de relieve una posible brecha generacional.
- La EI de rasgos adolescentes y la crianza autoritativa son factores clave para promover un compromiso equilibrado y crítico con la IA.
- El concepto de "base digital segura" es esencial para guiar a los adolescentes en el panorama digital en evolución, haciendo hincapié en la necesidad de una participación informada de los padres.
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