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Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Long-term Depression

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Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
Calcium Ion Concentration Mechanism
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Nervous tissue is a vital component of the human body's communication system, enabling us to perceive and respond to stimuli. However, like all other tissues, it is vulnerable to disorders and diseases that can significantly impact our neurological functioning.
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Language and Cognition

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Complementation Tests00:49

Complementation Tests

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Updated: Sep 10, 2025

A Model of Epileptogenesis in Rhinal Cortex-Hippocampus Organotypic Slice Cultures
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Cascadas de complemento y trastornos cerebrales

Ivana Jovčevska1, Alja Videtič Paska1, Katarina Kouter2

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.

Biomolecules
|August 28, 2025
PubMed
Resumen

El sistema del complemento, crucial para la inmunidad, juega un doble papel en la salud y la enfermedad del cerebro. La investigación destaca su participación en la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la esquizofrenia y el glioma, lo que sugiere un potencial terapéutico.

Palabras clave:
sistema de complementoinmunidad humoralsistema inmunológicoinmunidad innataneurodegeneraciónNeurologíaen el campo de la oncologíatrastornos psiquiátricos

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • La neurociencia
  • Inmunología
  • En el campo de la oncología

Sus antecedentes:

  • El sistema del complemento es una parte clave de la inmunidad innata con funciones emergentes más allá de la defensa de los patógenos.
  • Su participación en el desarrollo neurológico, la neurodegeneración y la progresión del cáncer es cada vez más reconocida.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar la participación y la desregulación del sistema del complemento en la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la esquizofrenia y el glioma.
  • Resumir las funciones protectoras y patógenas del sistema del complemento en el sistema nervioso central (SNC).

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión exhaustiva de la literatura de estudios sobre el sistema del complemento en condiciones asociadas con el SNC.

Principales resultados:

  • La activación del complemento contribuye a la neuroinflamación, la pérdida sináptica y la muerte neuronal en la enfermedad de Alzheimer.
  • En el glioblastoma, el complemento mejora el crecimiento tumoral, la evasión inmune y la resistencia a la terapia.
  • Las variaciones genéticas en los componentes del complemento como C4A están relacionadas con anomalías de poda sináptica y susceptibilidad a la esquizofrenia.

Conclusiones:

  • El sistema del complemento tiene un papel complejo y dual en el SNC, actuando como protector y mediador de la patología.
  • Comprender sus funciones precisas en trastornos neurodegenerativos, oncológicos y psiquiátricos es crucial.
  • Dirigirse al sistema del complemento ofrece posibles vías terapéuticas para las enfermedades del SNC con la investigación adicional necesaria para la traducción clínica.