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Inflamación mediada por la obesidad y su influencia en la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal: fisiopatología, impacto
Diego Casas-Deza1,2,3, Santiago García-López1,2, Vanesa Bernal-Monterde1,2,3
1Gastroenterology Department, Miguel Servet University Hospital, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
Biomolecules
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
La obesidad y la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) comparten vías inflamatorias. Esta revisión examina cómo la disfunción de la grasa visceral en la obesidad puede conducir a la EII, destacando posibles objetivos terapéuticos como los medicamentos metabólicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gastroenterología e Inmunología
- Investigación de las enfermedades metabólicas
Sus antecedentes:
- La obesidad y la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) están aumentando en todo el mundo.
- Las vías fisiopatológicas compartidas vinculan la obesidad y la EII, que incluyen disbiosis intestinal, inflamación y disfunción de la barrera.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los mecanismos que vinculan la obesidad con el desarrollo y la progresión de la EII.
- Explorar el papel de la disfunción del tejido adiposo, particularmente la grasa visceral, en la patogénesis de la EII.
- Discutir datos epidemiológicos, resultados clínicos y posibles estrategias terapéuticas.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión narrativa de la literatura existente.
- Centrarse en las funciones inmunometabólicas del tejido adiposo.
- Análisis de los datos epidemiológicos y clínicos.
Principales resultados:
- La adiposidad visceral, especialmente la grasa mesentérica, produce mediadores inflamatorios que pueden empeorar la inflamación intestinal.
- La "grasa que se arrastra" en la enfermedad de Crohn se correlaciona con inflamación y complicaciones graves.
- Los vínculos epidemiológicos y el impacto de la obesidad en los resultados de la EII siguen siendo objeto de debate debido a las limitaciones del estudio.
Conclusiones:
- La disfunción del tejido adiposo es un factor clave en la EII asociada a la obesidad.
- Se necesita más investigación para aclarar el papel de la obesidad en la EII y evaluar las terapias dirigidas.
- Los fármacos metabólicos muestran efectos antiinflamatorios potenciales para el tratamiento de la EII.
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