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Tasas de caries en diferentes entornos escolares entre adolescentes mayores: un estudio transversal en el noreste de
Ahmad Al Masri1,2, Christian H Splieth1, Christiane Pink3
1Department of Pediatric Dentistry, University Medicine Greifswald, 17489 Greifswald, Germany.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
El riesgo de caries dental varía significativamente entre los adolescentes según el tipo de escuela. Las escuelas secundarias mostraron las tasas de caries más bajas, mientras que las escuelas de necesidades especiales y vocacionales tenían una mayor prevalencia, lo que indica la necesidad de estrategias de prevención específicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud pública dental
- Odontología pediátrica
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La formación es un factor socioeconómico potencialmente relacionado con el riesgo de caries dental.
- Investigaciones anteriores sugieren asociaciones entre el estatus socioeconómico y los resultados de la salud bucal.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las diferencias en la prevalencia de la caries dental entre los adolescentes en varios tipos de escuelas en Greifswald, Alemania.
- Explorar la relación entre los antecedentes educativos y la experiencia de caries en adolescentes mayores.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal que utiliza los datos de los exámenes dentales obligatorios (2020-2023).
- Salud bucal evaluada según los criterios de la OMS, reportada como D3MFT medio (D3: caries de la dentina, M: ausente, F: lleno).
- Adolescentes clasificados en grupos de edad (11-15 y 16-18 años) y por tipo de escuela.
Principales resultados:
- Un total de 5816 adolescentes participaron; el 73,8% estaban libres de caries (D3MFT=0).
- Los factores de riesgo de caries significativos incluyeron la edad avanzada, el sexo masculino, la placa y la gingivitis (p < 0,005).
- Las escuelas secundarias presentaron los valores más bajos de D3MFT; las escuelas de necesidades especiales y vocacionales mostraron la mayor prevalencia.
Conclusiones:
- Existen diferencias significativas en la experiencia de caries entre los adolescentes que asisten a diferentes tipos de escuelas, incluso en una población con poca caries.
- Las estrategias de prevención deben abordar la polarización de la caries a través de diversos antecedentes educativos en la adolescencia tardía.
- Se necesitan intervenciones específicas para reducir las desigualdades de salud bucal relacionadas con las vías educativas.
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