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Ansiedad en niños pequeños con síndrome de Williams: un estudio longitudinal
Jessica L Reeve1, Melanie A Porter1
1School of Psychological Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney 2109, Australia.
Children (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
La ansiedad es común en los niños pequeños con síndrome de Williams (WS), aumentando con la edad. La identificación temprana y el tratamiento individualizado son cruciales para el manejo de los síntomas de ansiedad y las trayectorias de desarrollo en WS.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Trastornos del desarrollo neurológico
- Psicología infantil
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos de ansiedad, incluido el trastorno de ansiedad generalizada (TAG) y las fobias específicas, son muy frecuentes en las personas con síndrome de Williams (SV).
- Existe una investigación limitada sobre la prevalencia temprana y la trayectoria del desarrollo de la ansiedad en niños muy pequeños con WS.
- Este estudio aborda la brecha al evaluar exhaustivamente la sintomatología de la ansiedad en niños en edad preescolar con WS.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una evaluación exhaustiva de la prevalencia y el perfil longitudinal de la sintomatología de la ansiedad en niños muy pequeños con WS.
- Explorar posibles correlaciones ambientales y demográficas de la sintomatología de la ansiedad.
- Para entender el desarrollo de la ansiedad en esta población.
Principales métodos:
- Participaron 19 niños pequeños con esclerosis múltiple (de 2 a 5 años).
- Los participantes se sometieron a una evaluación integral del desarrollo.
- Los padres completaron la Escala de Ansiedad Infantil de Spence (SCAS) para medir los síntomas de ansiedad de acuerdo con los criterios del DSM-5.
Principales resultados:
- La sintomatología de la ansiedad fue muy prevalente en niños pequeños con WS, particularmente GAD y fobias específicas.
- La prevalencia de la ansiedad aumentó con la edad y con el tiempo, con síntomas comórbidos que se desarrollaron en muchos niños en el Tiempo 2 (aprox. 3,5 años después).
- La edad cronológica, el sexo y las capacidades de desarrollo / intelectual influyeron en la trayectoria de desarrollo de la ansiedad.
Conclusiones:
- Los hallazgos longitudinales sugieren que los factores ambientales contribuyen al desarrollo, el curso y el mantenimiento de la ansiedad en WS.
- La significativa variabilidad individual pone de relieve la necesidad de evaluaciones personalizadas y planes de tratamiento.
- Las intervenciones tempranas e individualizadas son esenciales para controlar la ansiedad en los niños con WS.
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