Vivir con hipertensión: una investigación de la percepción de la enfermedad desde la perspectiva de la atención primaria
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Handan Duman1, Latife Merve Yildiz2
1Department of Family Medicine, Recep Tayyip Erdogan University Faculty of Medicine, 53100 Rize, Turkey.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Los pacientes con hipertensión muestran una percepción moderada de la enfermedad, influenciada por la edad, la educación y las causas percibidas como el estrés. Comprender estos factores en la atención primaria puede mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento y los resultados de salud.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de Atención Primaria
- Psicología de la salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La evaluación de la percepción de la enfermedad en pacientes con hipertensión es crucial para una atención primaria eficaz.
- Comprender los factores sociodemográficos y clínicos que influyen en estas percepciones es clave.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la percepción de la enfermedad en pacientes hipertensos dentro de un entorno de atención primaria.
- Identificar los correlatos sociodemográficos y clínicos de la percepción de la enfermedad en esta población.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio transversal en el que participaron 116 pacientes hipertensos de un hospital turco.
- Datos recogidos mediante el cuestionario sociodemográfico y el breve cuestionario de percepción de la enfermedad (BIPQ).
- Análisis estadísticos no paramétricos, incluida la correlación de Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis y Spearman.
Principales resultados:
- Los participantes (edad media de 69,01 años) mostraron una percepción moderada de la enfermedad (puntuación media BIPQ de 47,0).
- Se encontró una correlación negativa entre la edad y la puntuación BIPQ total (Rho = -0,443, p < 0,001).
- Una percepción más alta relacionada con una educación más baja, una duración de tratamiento más corta y atribuyendo la hipertensión al estrés, la genética, la dieta o la ocupación.
Conclusiones:
- Las percepciones de la enfermedad en la hipertensión son multifactoriales, influenciadas por elementos sociodemográficos y clínicos.
- La conciencia de la atención primaria de estas percepciones puede mejorar la adherencia al tratamiento y los resultados de salud.
- Se recomiendan intervenciones centradas en la alfabetización sanitaria y el apoyo psicosocial para un mejor manejo de la hipertensión.
Palabras clave:
alfabetización en saludhipertensiónPercepción de la enfermedadCuidados primariosAdherencia al tratamientoMás Videos Relacionados
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