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La asociación entre el alfa-caroteno sérico y la caries de raíz en los Estados Unidos Los adultos: un estudio
Michelle Zak1, Yash Brahmbhatt1, Abdullah Muhsain2
1Tufts University School of Dental Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Los niveles más altos de alfa-caroteno (un precursor de la vitamina A) están relacionados con un menor riesgo de caries en las raíces en adultos estadounidenses. Este factor nutricional puede desempeñar un papel en la prevención de la caries en las superficies de las raíces de los dientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud bucal
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La caries radicular afecta a las superficies de las raíces de los dientes, a menudo relacionada con la enfermedad periodontal, la sequedad bucal y la mala salud de la mucosa, todo influenciado por la nutrición.
- El papel de las vitaminas específicas en la salud bucal, en particular la caries de las raíces, sigue siendo poco estudiado.
- El alfa-caroteno (α-caroteno) es un potente antioxidante y un sustituto de la vitamina A, con implicaciones potenciales para la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la asociación entre los niveles séricos de alfa-caroteno y la prevalencia de caries en los adultos estadounidenses.
- Investigar el potencial papel protector del alfacaroteno contra la caries de las raíces.
- Destacar la importancia de los factores nutricionales en las estrategias de salud bucal.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis transversal de los datos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2017-2018 (NHANES).
- Se utilizaron modelos de regresión logística múltiple ponderados para evaluar la asociación.
- Se hicieron ajustes por factores de confusión como la edad, el sexo, la educación, la raza, los ingresos y la enfermedad de las encías.
Principales resultados:
- Los niveles más altos de alfa-caroteno en suero se asociaron inversamente con la caries de la raíz.
- Un aumento unitario en el alfacaroteno sérico se asoció con una disminución del 9% en las probabilidades de tener caries radicular (OR = 0,91; IC del 95%: 0,86-0,97; p = 0,004).
- Un nivel más bajo de alfa-caroteno sérico se relacionó con una mayor prevalencia de caries de raíz en una muestra de adultos estadounidenses representativa a nivel nacional.
Conclusiones:
- Los niveles más bajos de alfa-caroteno sérico están asociados con una mayor prevalencia de caries radicular.
- La evaluación nutricional, específicamente la evaluación del alfa-caroteno, puede ser beneficiosa en el cuidado de la salud bucal.
- Se necesitan estudios longitudinales y mecanicistas adicionales para confirmar y aclarar los efectos del alfacaroteno en la salud bucal.
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