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El impacto del ejercicio de resistencia en los parámetros de laboratorio de rutina en individuos jóvenes entrenados

Robert Nowak^1,2, Karolina Turkiewicz^3,4, Michał Sławiński^3,4

¹Institute of Physical Culture Sciences, University of Szczecin, 17C Narutowicza St., 70-240 Szczecin, Poland.

Journal of clinical medicine

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

El ejercicio de resistencia altera significativamente los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio de rutina en los atletas. Estos cambios pueden complicar las interpretaciones clínicas, ya que los rangos de referencia estándar pueden no aplicarse a individuos altamente capacitados.

Área de la Ciencia:

Medicina del deporte
La bioquímica clínica
Fisiología del ejercicio

Sus antecedentes:

El ejercicio de resistencia mejora la capacidad aeróbica.
El esfuerzo físico causa desplazamientos de fluidos, lo que afecta la precisión de las pruebas de laboratorio.
La evaluación de los efectos del ejercicio en las pruebas de diagnóstico es crucial para los atletas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar el impacto del ejercicio de resistencia en las pruebas de diagnóstico hematológicas y bioquímicas de rutina.
Para determinar si los rangos de referencia estándar son aplicables a los atletas después del ejercicio.

Principales métodos:

Se realizaron pruebas progresivas hasta el agotamiento en adultos jóvenes sanos y físicamente activos.
Se recogieron muestras de sangre antes del ejercicio, inmediatamente después del ejercicio y después de 17 horas de recuperación.
Se analizaron los parámetros hematológicos y bioquímicos.

Principales resultados:

Se observaron aumentos transitorios de leucocitos y subpoblaciones de la sangre periférica.
Ejercicio de resistencia niveles elevados de enzimas (amilasa, AST, ALT, CK, GGT, LDH, ALP) y metabolitos (creatinina, urea, ácido úrico, glucosa).
Las concentraciones de proteína total, albúmina, lípidos, electrolitos (Na, Cl), fósforo y hierro aumentaron, mientras que las de potasio y calcio disminuyeron.

Conclusiones:

Los resultados de las pruebas de laboratorio en individuos altamente capacitados pueden ser difíciles de interpretar.
Los rangos de referencia estándar para la población general pueden no ser adecuados para los atletas.
Los cambios fisiológicos inducidos por el ejercicio requieren una cuidadosa consideración en el diagnóstico clínico de los atletas.

Palabras clave:

morfología de la sangre bioquímica clínica ejercicio bioquímico Medicina de laboratorio esfuerzo físico

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