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Isquemia con enfermedad coronaria no obstructiva: diferencias basadas en el sexo en fisiopatología, presentación
Filippo Luca Gurgoglione1, Giorgio Benatti1, Andrea Denegri1
1Division of Cardiology, Parma University Hospital, 43126 Parma, Italy.
Journal of clinical medicine
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
La isquemia con arterias coronarias no obstructivas (INOCA) afecta a la calidad de vida. Esta revisión detalla las causas y resultados específicos del sexo de INOCA, con el objetivo de tratamientos personalizados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Cardiología
- Biología vascular
- Medicina basada en el sexo
Sus antecedentes:
- La isquemia con arterias coronarias no obstructivas (INOCA) es una afección crónica con mal pronóstico.
- La comprensión de la fisiopatología de INOCA ha avanzado a través de evaluaciones de la función microcirculatoria y pruebas de espasmo.
- El manejo óptimo y las estrategias terapéuticas para INOCA aún se están investigando.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una visión global de los mecanismos fisiopatológicos específicos del sexo en el INOCA.
- Resumir las diferencias basadas en el sexo en el fenotipo y el pronóstico de INOCA.
- Explorar el manejo y la terapia actuales para avanzar en estrategias de tratamiento personalizadas y basadas en el sexo.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión narrativa de la literatura existente.
- Análisis de los datos específicos por sexo sobre la fisiopatología del INOCA.
- Síntesis de información sobre el fenotipo, el pronóstico y el tratamiento de INOCA.
Principales resultados:
- La fisiopatología de INOCA incluye disfunción microvascular coronaria y trastornos vasomotores.
- Existen diferencias significativas basadas en el sexo en la prevalencia, el fenotipo y la historia natural de INOCA.
- Los enfoques terapéuticos actuales para el INOCA requieren un mayor refinamiento para la aplicación específica del sexo.
Conclusiones:
- Reconocer y abordar las diferencias específicas de género es crucial para una gestión eficaz de la INOCA.
- Se necesitan estrategias de tratamiento personalizadas adaptadas al sexo para mejorar los resultados de INOCA.
- La investigación adicional sobre los mecanismos basados en el sexo mejorará las intervenciones terapéuticas para los pacientes con INOCA.
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