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Respuesta mecánica de las losas de hormigón armado bidireccional bajo cargas horizontales y verticales combinadas en
Xing Feng1,2, Yingting Wang1, Xiangheng Zha1
1School of Civil Engineering, Central South University, Changsha 410075, China.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Este estudio simuló losas de hormigón armado bajo fuego, revelando cuatro etapas de tensión y factores que afectan a la resistencia al fuego. Las condiciones límite más fuertes mejoran significativamente la resistencia al fuego hasta en un 59%.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ingeniería estructural
- Ingeniería de seguridad contra incendios
- Ciencias de los materiales
Sus antecedentes:
- Los métodos analíticos existentes explican de manera inadecuada el comportamiento de la losa de hormigón armado (RC) bajo cargas de fuego combinadas.
- No existen estudios comparativos sobre las condiciones límite de las losas RC en caso de incendio.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la respuesta al agrietamiento y la deformación de losas de RC bidireccionales bajo cargas horizontales y verticales combinadas durante el incendio.
- Para comparar la resistencia al fuego de losas RC con diferentes condiciones límite.
Principales métodos:
- Se han desarrollado y verificado modelos sólidos de elementos finitos utilizando el software ABAQUS 6.14.
- Simulación de losas RC bidireccionales con cuatro bordes simplemente soportados (FSS) y bordes adyacentes simplemente soportados/cuasi fijados (ASSAQF).
- Se han realizado análisis mecánicos y paramétricos de la desviación, la variación de la tensión y la respuesta mecánica general.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron cuatro etapas de redistribución de la tensión: elástico, elástico-plástico, plástico y grieta de tracción.
- Se determinó que el aumento de las cargas horizontales/verticales, la relación longitud/ancho y la disminución del grosor de la losa reducen la resistencia al fuego.
- Se observó que las condiciones límite de ASSAQF prolongan la etapa de efecto de arco invertido, mejorando la resistencia al fuego en un 11-59% en comparación con FSS.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio proporciona un mecanismo detallado para el comportamiento de la losa RC bajo cargas de fuego combinadas y condiciones límite variables.
- Las condiciones límite de ASSAQF ofrecen una resistencia al fuego significativamente mejorada para losas de RC bidireccionales en comparación con las FSS.
- Los hallazgos ofrecen información valiosa para diseñar estructuras más seguras en escenarios de incendio.
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