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Coherencia y pureza cuántica en átomos de hidrógeno disipativos: ideas de la ecuación maestra de Lindblad

Kamal Berrada¹, Smail Bougouffa¹

¹Department of Physics, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), P.O. Box 90950, Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

Estudiamos la coherencia cuántica y la pureza en los átomos de hidrógeno. La disipación causa una rápida descomposición para los estados entrelazados, mientras que los estados separables muestran oscilaciones y descomposición, destacando el impacto ambiental.

Área de la Ciencia:

Física cuántica
Física atómica
Ciencia de la información cuántica

Sus antecedentes:

La coherencia cuántica y la pureza son recursos clave para el procesamiento de información cuántica.
Los átomos de hidrógeno, con su estructura simple y estados hiperfinos bien definidos, sirven como sistemas modelo ideales.
Comprender los efectos de las interacciones ambientales (disipación) es crucial para mantener las propiedades cuánticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la dinámica de la coherencia cuántica y la pureza en los átomos de hidrógeno en condiciones de disipación.
Para analizar la influencia de las interacciones de espín electrón-protón en estas propiedades cuánticas.
Para comparar el comportamiento de los estados entrelazados (Bell) y los estados separables en un entorno disipable.

Principales métodos:

Modelado de la evolución del tiempo del sistema utilizando la ecuación maestra de Lindblad.
Incorporando tanto la dinámica unitaria (Hamiltoniano hiperfino) como los efectos disipativos.
Cuantificación de la coherencia cuántica utilizando la norma L1 y la entropía relativa.
Evaluación de la pureza a través de la entropía de von Neumann.

Principales resultados:

Los estados de campana exhiben una decadencia exponencial en coherencia y pureza, directamente proporcional a la disipación.
Los estados separables muestran coherencia oscilatoria superpuesta al decaimiento exponencial, con una entropía creciente.
Las tasas de disipación más altas aceleran la pérdida de coherencia e impulsan los sistemas hacia estados mixtos.

Conclusiones:

Las interacciones ambientales suprimen significativamente la superposición cuántica y promueven la transición a estados mixtos.
Las distintas dinámicas observadas para los estados entrelazados frente a los separables ofrecen información sobre los mecanismos de decoherencia.
Los resultados son relevantes para el desarrollo de tecnologías de información cuántica resistentes al ruido ambiental.

Palabras clave:

Ecuación maestra de Lindblad Coherencia átomos de hidrógeno Hamiltoniano muy fino Entropía de von Neumann

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