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Revisión de la gingivitis desquamativa: una revisión narrativa de la fisiopatología, los desafíos de diagnóstico y el
Doina Iulia Rotaru1, Ioana Chifor Porumb2, Lorentz Jäntschi3
1Department of Odontology, Endodontics and Oral Pathology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania)
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
La gingivitis desquamativa (GD) se presenta con encías rojas y peladas y lesiones orales, a menudo relacionadas con otras enfermedades. El tratamiento implica principalmente corticosteroides, con un nuevo marco de diagnóstico y manejo propuesto.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina Oral
- Dermatología
- Patología
Sus antecedentes:
- La gingivitis desquamativa (DG) es un descriptor clínico para el eritema gingival, la desquamación epitelial y las lesiones orales.
- La DG se asocia con frecuencia a diversas afecciones sistémicas y dermatológicas.
- El diagnóstico y el manejo pueden ser desafiantes debido a diversas etiologías subyacentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para revisar la literatura sobre la gingivitis desquamativa.
- Presentar un informe de caso que ilustre los desafíos de diagnóstico y tratamiento.
- Proponer un algoritmo simplificado de diagnóstico y planificación del tratamiento para la DG.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura utilizando las principales bases de datos científicas.
- Las palabras clave incluían "displasia oral", "lesiones de la mucosa oral" y "gingivitis desquamativa".
- Se integró un informe de caso clínico para demostrar la aplicación práctica.
Principales resultados:
- Evaluación histopatológica mediante biopsia de punzón ayuda al diagnóstico.
- Los corticosteroides son el tratamiento primario, con los inhibidores de la calcineurina como complementos.
- El caso pone de relieve las complejidades del diagnóstico y las estrategias de gestión.
Conclusiones:
- En la actualidad no existe un protocolo de tratamiento definitivo y universalmente aceptado para la DG.
- Se presenta un enfoque terapéutico basado en la experiencia y un marco de diagnóstico simplificado.
- El estudio contribuye al desarrollo de un algoritmo de apoyo a la toma de decisiones para la dirección de la DG.
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