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Sistemas de administración de micro y nano fármacos para el tratamiento de la mucositis oral: una revisión

Luciana Ângela Soares Maia¹, Tâmara Thaiane Almeida Siqueira¹, Carlos Alberto Arcelly Santos Bezerra¹

¹Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Paraiba State University, Rua Horácio Trajano de Oliveira, s/n, Cristo Redentor, João Pessoa 58075-540, PB, Brazil.

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

Los sistemas de administración de fármacos basados en nanobases son prometedores para el tratamiento de la mucositis oral (MO), un efecto secundario común de la terapia contra el cáncer. Estos sistemas avanzados ofrecen mejores resultados en comparación con los métodos tradicionales, aunque se necesitan más ensayos clínicos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ingeniería biomédica
Ciencias de los materiales
Farmacología

Sus antecedentes:

La mucositis oral (MO) es una condición inflamatoria debilitante de la mucosa oral, frecuentemente relacionada con las terapias contra el cáncer.
Los tratamientos actuales para OM a menudo muestran una eficacia limitada y efectos adversos considerables, lo que impulsa la necesidad de nuevas estrategias terapéuticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar y evaluar sistemáticamente la eficacia de los sistemas de administración de fármacos basados en nanotecnología para el tratamiento de la mucositis oral.
Evaluar el panorama actual de la investigación, incluidos los estudios in vitro, in vivo y clínicos, sobre los DDS basados en nanotecnología para el OM.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó una extensa búsqueda de literatura en las bases de datos BVS, PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science.
Las palabras clave incluían "micropartículas", "nanopartículas", "sistema de administración de medicamentos", "mucositis oral", "terapia" y "tratamiento", combinados con operadores booleanos.
Se seleccionaron un total de 32 artículos relevantes después de aplicar filtros y eliminar duplicados.

Principales resultados:

Una mayoría significativa de los estudios revisados (25 de 32) utilizaron micro- o nanosistemas poliméricos para el tratamiento de OM.
El análisis abarcó 10 estudios in vitro, 16 estudios in vivo y 6 ensayos clínicos.
La mayoría de los estudios reportaron resultados terapéuticos superiores con los DDS basados en nanotecnología en comparación con los métodos convencionales de administración de fármacos.

Conclusiones:

Los DDS basados en nanopartículas representan un enfoque innovador prometedor para mejorar el tratamiento de la mucositis oral.
Los desafíos relacionados con la fabricación a gran escala, la reproducibilidad y la seguridad requieren una consideración cuidadosa.
Para validar estos hallazgos y orientar la práctica clínica, son cruciales otros ensayos clínicos extensos.

Palabras clave:

Forma de dosificación Entrega de drogas Microsistemas y sus derivados Los nanosistemas Mucositis bucal tratamiento

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