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Una nueva tecnología de reciclaje para producir morteros aislantes térmicos premezclados a partir de espumas de
Antonis Kountouris1,2,3, Kypros Efstathiou3, Nikolaos Kostoglou4
1School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 15780 Athens, Greece.
Polymers
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Este estudio desarrolló un mortero aislante ligero y sostenible utilizando espuma de poliuretano (PU) reciclada. El nuevo material ofrece un excelente aislamiento térmico y una densidad reducida, promoviendo prácticas de construcción respetuosas con el medio ambiente.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de los materiales
- Construcción sostenible
- Gestión de los residuos
Sus antecedentes:
- Creciente demanda de materiales de construcción sostenibles.
- Necesidad de una utilización eficaz de los residuos plásticos en la construcción.
- Limitaciones de los materiales de construcción tradicionales en relación con el aislamiento y el impacto ambiental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar un nuevo mortero aislante ligero utilizando espuma de poliuretano rígido (PU) reciclada.
- Investigar la influencia del contenido de PU en las propiedades del mortero.
- Diseñar y validar un sistema de producción a escala piloto para el mortero.
Principales métodos:
- Formulación de morteros con diferentes proporciones de espuma de poliuretano reciclado, cemento Portland y aditivos.
- Caracterización de las propiedades mecánicas, físicas y térmicas (densidad, resistencia a la compresión, conductividad térmica).
- Diseño, ejecución y validación de un sistema de producción a escala piloto.
Principales resultados:
- Las métricas de rendimiento clave (densidad, resistencia a la compresión, conductividad térmica) fueron influenciadas significativamente por el contenido de PU.
- El aumento del contenido de PU condujo a una disminución de la densidad, la resistencia a la compresión y la conductividad térmica.
- La formulación optimizada (92,25% vol. PU) logró una densidad de 420 kg/m3, una resistencia de 1 MPa y una conductividad térmica de 0,07 W/m·K.
- Sistema de producción a escala piloto validado con una capacidad de 1500 L/h.
Conclusiones:
- La espuma de poliuretano reciclado es un agregado viable para morteros aislantes ligeros.
- El mortero desarrollado ofrece una alternativa sostenible para los sistemas de suelo y techo.
- Los resultados apoyan la adopción mundial de morteros a base de PU para reducir el impacto ambiental en la construcción.
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