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Helicobacter pylori y los patrones de composición del microbioma del tracto digestivo en los niños: una revisión de
Ancuta Lupu1, Anca Adam-Raileanu1, Laura Iulia Bozomitu1
1Faculty of Medicine, "Grigore T. Popa" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania.
Nutrients
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
La infección por Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) tiene un impacto global en el microbioma humano. La investigación sugiere que el H. pylori y sus tratamientos alteran las bacterias intestinales en niños y adultos, allanando el camino para la medicina personalizada.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Gastroenterología
- Investigación del microbioma humano
Sus antecedentes:
- Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) es un patógeno global prevalente que afecta a más de la mitad de la población mundial.
- A pesar de las extensas investigaciones, la intrincada relación entre H. pylori y el huésped humano sigue siendo incompletamente entendida.
- La infección por H. pylori, adquirida particularmente en la infancia, tiene implicaciones significativas para la salud humana.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar el conocimiento actual de la interacción de H. pylori con el microbioma humano.
- Investigar el impacto de la presencia y la erradicación de H. pylori en la composición de las comunidades bacterianas.
- Explorar el potencial de los enfoques de medicina personalizada basados en la modulación de la microbiota.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión exhaustiva de la literatura.
- Las búsquedas se llevaron a cabo en las principales bases de datos científicas: PubMed/Medline, Web of Science y EMBASE.
- Se incluyeron estudios centrados en H. pylori y informes de microbiota humana.
Principales resultados:
- La naturaleza precisa de la relación entre H. pylori y el microbioma humano aún no está clara.
- Tanto la infección por H. pylori como sus tratamientos de erradicación alteran la composición de la comunidad bacteriana.
- Estas alteraciones se observan en todo el tracto digestivo en las poblaciones pediátricas y adultas.
Conclusiones:
- Comprender la composición de la microbiota es crucial para avanzar en las estrategias de medicina personalizada.
- Si bien la investigación pediátrica es limitada, los hallazgos de estudios en adultos apoyan una mayor investigación sobre la manipulación de la microbiota en niños.
- La modulación de la microbiota dirigida es prometedora para obtener resultados beneficiosos para la salud en individuos afectados por H. pylori.
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