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El parvovirus congénito B19 durante el resurgimiento europeo de 2024: un estudio prospectivo de cohorte de un solo
Pasqua Betta1, Roberta Leonardi1,2, Carmine Mattia1
1Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, University Hospital Policlinico "G. Rodolico San Marco", University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
La infección congénita por Parvovirus B19 en recién nacidos muestra estrés cardíaco transitorio y cambios cerebrales menores, no problemas cardíacos graves. Esto sugiere que el seguimiento ambulatorio con monitoreo es apropiado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Neonatología
- Cardiología Pediátrica
Sus antecedentes:
- El parvovirus B19 (B19V) ha reaparecido en Europa en 2024, lo que ha provocado preocupaciones sobre la transmisión vertical y la salud neonatal.
- La infección congénita por B19V puede llevar a una morbilidad neonatal significativa, lo que requiere una comprensión clara de su curso clínico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Caracterizar el curso clínico temprano de los recién nacidos con infección congénita por B19V durante el brote europeo de 2024.
- Para evaluar la función cardíaca, el desarrollo neurológico y otras secuelas potenciales en neonatos infectados congénitamente.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo de 71 embarazos con infección materna por B19V.
- Evaluaciones clínicas en serie, bioquímicas (troponina I, CK-MB) y por imágenes (ecocardiografía, ecografía craneal) en 7 recién nacidos con infección congénita durante el primer año de vida.
- También se realizaron electrocardiogramas, exámenes oftalmológicos y audiológicos.
Principales resultados:
- Se observaron elevaciones transitorias de Troponina I, que alcanzaron su punto máximo el día 7 y se normalizaron en un mes; los ecocardiogramas se mantuvieron estructuralmente normales.
- Las ecografías craneales revelaron hiperecogenicidades periventriculares en el 11% de los recién nacidos; en 2 casos se produjo anemia moderada.
- Se detectó un nivel alto de viremia en el suero (40%), pero no en la saliva o la orina; no se observaron casos de miocarditis o hidropsia.
Conclusiones:
- La infección congénita B19V en el brote actual se presenta con estrés bioquímico en el miocardio y cambios neurosonográficos sutiles, en lugar de una enfermedad cardíaca manifiesta.
- Los hallazgos apoyan una estrategia de seguimiento centrada en los pacientes ambulatorios para los recién nacidos afectados.
- Se recomiendan biomarcadores en serie y neuroimagen dirigida para el monitoreo.
Palabras clave:
El brote de B19VUnidad de cuidados intensivos neonatales (UCIN)Infección congénita por el parvovirus B19Tendencia de los biomarcadoresBiomarcadores cardíacosInfección neonatalel recién nacidoLa troponina tambiénTransmisión verticalMás Videos Relacionados
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