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Combatir la resistencia a los antimicrobianos: estrategias innovadoras utilizando péptidos, nanotecnología, fagos,

Ana Cristina Jacobowski¹, Ana Paula Araújo Boleti¹, Maurício Vicente Cruz^1,2

¹Protein Purification and Biological Functions Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Food and Nutrition, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul (UFMS), P.O. Box 549, Campo Grande 79050-010, MS, Brazil.

Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland)

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

Las estrategias innovadoras como los péptidos diseñados, las nanopartículas y los sistemas CRISPR-Cas ofrecen nuevas esperanzas contra el aumento de la resistencia a los antimicrobianos (AMR). Esta revisión detalla los enfoques terapéuticos prometedores para combatir las infecciones resistentes y orientar el desarrollo futuro de fármacos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Microbiología
Biotecnología
Descubrimiento de drogas

Sus antecedentes:

La resistencia a los antimicrobianos (AMR) es una amenaza crítica para la salud mundial con tasas de mortalidad en aumento.
Los tratamientos existentes se enfrentan a desafíos de eficacia y seguridad durante la traducción clínica.
Se necesitan con urgencia nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para vencer a los patógenos resistentes a los medicamentos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar los enfoques de vanguardia para combatir la resistencia a los antimicrobianos.
Para analizar péptidos antimicrobianos diseñados, nanopartículas funcionales y terapias genómicas avanzadas.
Proporcionar un marco para el desarrollo de agentes antimicrobianos de próxima generación.

Principales métodos:

Análisis crítico de los recientes avances en los péptidos antimicrobianos diseñados.
Examen de las nanopartículas funcionalizadas para aplicaciones antimicrobianas.
Revisión de las terapias genómicas avanzadas, incluidas las proteínas asociadas con repeticiones palindrómicas cortas y agrupadas (sistemas CRISPR-Cas) y la terapia de fagos.
Centrarse en estrategias dirigidas a la interrupción del biofilm y la interferencia de la detección de quórum.

Principales resultados:

Los péptidos diseñados, las nanopartículas y las terapias genómicas muestran un potencial terapéutico significativo contra la AMR.
Los sistemas CRISPR-Cas y la terapia de fagos representan enfoques genómicos avanzados con mecanismos específicos.
La interrupción del biofilm y la interferencia de la detección de quórum son objetivos clave para las nuevas estrategias antimicrobianas.

Conclusiones:

El diseño racional de fármacos y las terapias dirigidas son cruciales para desarrollar agentes antimicrobianos eficaces y resistentes.
La reducción de la brecha entre la innovación experimental y la aplicación clínica es esencial para combatir la resistencia antimicrobiana.
Esta revisión sintetiza los conocimientos actuales para orientar la investigación y el desarrollo futuros en terapias antimicrobianas.

Palabras clave:

Péptidos antimicrobianos Disrupción del biofilm Terapias combinadas sistemas de administración de fármacos Resistencia a múltiples fármacos

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