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Adaptación genómica, desafíos ambientales y ganadería sostenible en sistemas pastorales de gran altitud
Saima Naz1, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Qudrat Ullah3
1Department of Zoology, Government Sadiq College Women University, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan.
Veterinary sciences
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Los yak son vitales para los pastizales asiáticos de gran altitud, pero se enfrentan a desafíos como los bajos rendimientos y el cambio climático. Las estrategias genéticas y ambientales son cruciales para el cultivo y la conservación sostenibles del yak.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Genómica de los animales
- Biología de alta altitud
- Una ganadería sostenible
Sus antecedentes:
- Los yaks (Bos grunniens) son ecológicamente y económicamente importantes en los pastizales asiáticos de gran altitud.
- La producción de yak se ve obstaculizada por la baja producción de leche, la vulnerabilidad al cambio climático, las enfermedades y los programas de cría inadecuados.
- Comprender las adaptaciones de los yaks y los desafíos de producción es vital para el pastoreo sostenible.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar los factores genómicos, fisiológicos y ambientales que influyen en la biología y la cría de yak.
- Identificar marcadores genéticos y adaptaciones para mejorar la producción y la resiliencia del yak.
- Resaltar los desafíos y proponer intervenciones para la cría sostenible de yaks.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura de estudios genómicos, fisiológicos y ambientales sobre los yaks.
- Análisis de genes (por ejemplo, EPAS1) y variaciones genéticas (CNV, SNPs) relacionadas con las adaptaciones de los yaks.
- Examen del vigor híbrido, la prevalencia de enfermedades y los impactos del cambio climático en la producción de yak.
Principales resultados:
- Los genes como EPAS1 facilitan la adaptación a gran altitud a través de funciones cardiopulmonares y termorreguladoras mejoradas.
- Los marcadores genéticos (CNV, SNPs) muestran potencial para mejorar la leche, la carne, la resistencia a las enfermedades y la eficiencia metabólica.
- Los híbridos de ganado Yak ofrecen mejores rendimientos, pero los factores reproductivos y ambientales limitan su éxito a largo plazo; las enfermedades y el cambio climático presentan riesgos significativos.
Conclusiones:
- Las intervenciones genéticas y la comprensión de las adaptaciones de gran altitud son clave para mejorar los rasgos de los yaks.
- Abordar las enfermedades y los impactos del cambio climático a través de estrategias integradas es esencial para el bienestar y el rendimiento económico de los yaks.
- Las estrategias de conservación y mejora sistemática son necesarias para el futuro sostenible del pastoreo de yaks.
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