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Desarrollo de candidatos a la vacuna contra la COVID-19 utilizando vectores de virus de estomatitis vesicular
Mengqi Chang1,2, Hui Huang1,2, Mingxi Yue1,2
1State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases, Xiang An Biomedicine Laboratory, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China.
Viruses
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Las mutaciones de la proteína M del virus de la estomatitis vesicular recombinante (rVSV) crean vacunas mucosas COVID-19 más seguras y efectivas. Estos vectores rVSV atenuados muestran una mayor seguridad y una fuerte inmunogenicidad en modelos preclínicos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Virología
- Vacunas y vacunas
- Inmunología
Sus antecedentes:
- El virus de la estomatitis vesicular recombinante (rVSV) es un potencial vector de la vacuna para el COVID-19.
- La administración intranasal para la inmunidad mucosal requiere altos estándares de seguridad.
- La proteína M del rVSV es un objetivo para la atenuación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar vectores de rVSV atenuados para las vacunas de la mucosa COVID-19.
- Evaluar la seguridad y la inmunogenicidad de las variantes de rVSV mutadas en proteínas M.
Principales métodos:
- Variantes de rVSV construidas (rVSV-M2, rVSV-M4) con mutaciones de la proteína M.
- Replicación viral evaluada, atenuación in vitro y in vivo.
- Se desarrollaron candidatos a vacunas contra el SARS-CoV-2 utilizando espinas vertebrales de tipo salvaje y mutantes de rVSV.
- Evaluación de la inmunogenicidad y la seguridad de la vacuna en modelos de hámster.
Principales resultados:
- Las mutaciones de la proteína M (rVSV-M2, rVSV-M4) atenuaron significativamente el rVSV in vitro e in vivo.
- Los virus atenuados indujeron respuestas más fuertes al interferón de tipo I y redujeron la inflamación.
- Las vacunas rVSV-M2-JN.1 y rVSV-M4-JN.1 han demostrado seguridad y una fuerte inmunogenicidad en hámsters.
Conclusiones:
- Las variantes de rVSV con mutaciones de la proteína M son vectores atenuados prometedores para las vacunas mucosas.
- Estos mutantes mejoran la seguridad al tiempo que mantienen la inmunogenicidad para el desarrollo de la vacuna contra la COVID-19.
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