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Consecuencias de la falta de aliento: fibrosis pulmonar después del COVID-19
Dharanya Muthiah1,2, Kishore Vaddadi1,2, Lin Liu1,2
1Oklahoma Center for Respiratory and Infectious Diseases, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74074, USA.
Viruses
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
El COVID prolongado puede causar cicatrices pulmonares persistentes, conocidas como fibrosis pulmonar post-COVID-19. Esta revisión explora sus mecanismos, diagnóstico y tratamientos potenciales para mejores resultados para los pacientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Pulmonología
- Enfermedades infecciosas
- Patología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las secuelas post-agudas de la infección por SARS-CoV-2 (PASC), o COVID largo, afectan a muchas personas después de la recuperación.
- La fibrosis pulmonar post-COVID-19 (PC19-PF) es una complicación severa de la COVID larga que causa cicatrices progresivas en los pulmones y problemas respiratorios crónicos.
- La patogénesis de PC19-PF no se comprende bien, lo que dificulta el desarrollo de un tratamiento eficaz.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una revisión exhaustiva de la fibrosis pulmonar después del COVID-19 (PC19-PF).
- Aclarar la epidemiología, las características clínicas, los métodos de diagnóstico y los mecanismos subyacentes de PC19-PF.
- Explorar vías compartidas con otras enfermedades pulmonares fibróticas y discutir estrategias terapéuticas emergentes.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura de los estudios clínicos y experimentales sobre el PC19-PF.
- Análisis de los datos epidemiológicos y las manifestaciones clínicas.
- Síntesis de conocimientos mecanicistas y enfoques terapéuticos.
Principales resultados:
- El PC19-PF se presenta como cicatrización pulmonar progresiva, lo que lleva a una insuficiencia respiratoria crónica.
- Comprender las vías fibróticas compartidas puede ofrecer nuevos objetivos terapéuticos.
- Las estrategias emergentes tienen como objetivo abordar los mecanismos subyacentes de PC19-PF.
Conclusiones:
- PC19-PF es una complicación significativa y grave a largo plazo del COVID-19.
- La investigación adicional sobre la patogénesis de PC19-PF es crucial para desarrollar tratamientos efectivos.
- La consolidación de los conocimientos actuales puede orientar el desarrollo de terapias basadas en mecanismos para la fibrosis pulmonar.
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