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Riesgo de cáncer colorrectal y factores protectores entre las personas de ascendencia africana: una revisión
Collins C Okeke1, Angela Ojo2, Onyinye E Ebiliekwe3
1Internal Medicine, University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt, NGA.
Cureus
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Los factores de riesgo de cáncer colorrectal (CRC) en las personas de ascendencia africana incluyen la genética, el estilo de vida y la dieta. Los factores protectores como los vegetales y la actividad física no se informan lo suficiente, pero son cruciales para la prevención y el cribado personalizado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Salud pública
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- El cáncer colorrectal (CCR) es una carga significativa para la salud mundial, que afecta desproporcionadamente a los países de ingresos bajos y medios.
- Las tasas más bajas de detección entre las personas de ascendencia africana contribuyen al diagnóstico y la intervención tardíos.
- Comprender el riesgo de CCR y los factores de protección en esta población es crucial para las estrategias de prevención específicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar los factores de riesgo y de protección comunes para el cáncer colorrectal (CRC) en las poblaciones de ascendencia africana.
- Para sintetizar la investigación existente sobre la epidemiología de la CCR dentro de este grupo demográfico.
- Informar sobre las iniciativas de detección y prevención adaptadas a la cultura.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda completa de la literatura de las bases de datos de PubMed y Google Scholar hasta el 21 de abril de 2025.
- Incluye 30 artículos originales revisados por pares en inglés, que informan sobre los factores de riesgo/protección de la CCR en adultos de ascendencia africana.
- Análisis cualitativo, extracción de datos y metanálisis de datos de 53.596 personas en nueve países.
Principales resultados:
- Los factores de riesgo de CCR no modificables incluyen edad > 55 años, antecedentes familiares, género masculino y mutaciones genéticas.
- Los factores de riesgo modificables incluyen el consumo de tabaco, el consumo de alcohol, la ingesta de carne procesada, la obesidad (IMC > 30) y la exposición a carcinógenos.
- Los factores de protección identificados son el consumo de vegetales, frutas y pescado, la dieta tradicional africana, el uso de AINE y la actividad física.
Conclusiones:
- Los factores de riesgo consistentes para el CCR en personas de ascendencia africana son los antecedentes familiares, el tabaco, el alcohol, la obesidad y la carne procesada.
- Los comportamientos protectores como la alta ingesta de vegetales y la actividad física son subreportados pero vitales para la prevención.
- Existe una necesidad urgente de un cribado precoz y culturalmente sensible y de una mayor inversión en la investigación de la CCR dentro de los sistemas de salud africanos.
Palabras clave:
AfricanoUn afroamericano .Tiene ascendencia africana.Cáncer colorrectalFactores de protecciónFactores de riesgoMás Videos Relacionados
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