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La estructura de la vulnerabilidad a la pandemia: riqueza de la vivienda, segregación residencial y mortalidad por

Chinyere O Agbai¹

¹Department of Sociology, The Ohio State University, 238 Townshend Hall, 1885 Neil Ave Mall, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.

Population research and policy review

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

Los condados más ricos experimentaron una menor mortalidad por COVID-19. La segregación residencial exacerbó esta disparidad, aumentando las muertes en comunidades altamente segregadas, predominantemente negras.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Determinantes socioeconómicos de la salud
Epidemiología

Sus antecedentes:

La pandemia de COVID-19 afectó desproporcionadamente a las poblaciones económicamente desfavorecidas.
La riqueza y la segregación residencial están vinculadas de manera independiente a los resultados adversos para la salud y al aumento de la mortalidad.
El impacto combinado de la riqueza y la segregación residencial en la mortalidad por COVID-19 sigue siendo poco estudiado.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre el valor de la vivienda (como indicador de la riqueza) y las muertes por COVID-19.
Examinar cómo la segregación residencial modifica la asociación entre la riqueza y la mortalidad por COVID-19.
Comprender el papel de las características del vecindario en las disparidades de salud de COVID-19.

Principales métodos:

Se utilizaron datos del Censo de los Estados Unidos y datos de COVID-19 a nivel de condado (n=1164).
El valor medio de la vivienda empleada como medida de la riqueza de la comunidad.
Aplicó modelos de regresión binomial negativo para analizar las tasas de mortalidad en relación con los niveles de riqueza y segregación.

Principales resultados:

Los condados con el valor promedio más bajo de viviendas mostraron un 64% más de mortalidad por COVID-19 en comparación con los condados más ricos.
En los condados altamente segregados con grandes poblaciones negras, las muertes por COVID-19 fueron un 28% más altas que en los condados menos segregados con poblaciones negras más pequeñas, en valores promedio de hogares.
La segregación residencial amplificó significativamente los riesgos de mortalidad por COVID-19 asociados con un estatus socioeconómico más bajo.

Conclusiones:

El valor del hogar y la segregación residencial son factores críticos que predicen la mortalidad por COVID-19.
El estudio pone de relieve la necesidad de incorporar la segregación residencial en los análisis socioeconómicos de las disparidades de salud.
Abordar la segregación residencial es crucial para mitigar las disparidades de COVID-19 y mejorar los resultados de salud pública.

Palabras clave:

El COVID-19 La vivienda Desigualdad racial Separación Determinantes sociales de la salud La riqueza

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