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Evolución de las actitudes de las enfermeras hacia los pacientes encarcelados: un estudio psicométrico
Büşra Dağci-Günal1, Sultan Ayaz-Alkaya2, Neslihan Köse-Kabakcioğlu2
1Bandırma Onyedi Eylül University Faculty of Health Sciences, Balıkesir, Türkiye.
International nursing review
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Una nueva escala mide efectivamente a las enfermeras
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermería
- Psicometría
- Política de salud
Sus antecedentes:
- Las actitudes de las enfermeras influyen significativamente en la calidad y los resultados de la atención al paciente.
- Existen instrumentos limitados validados para evaluar las actitudes de las enfermeras específicamente hacia los pacientes encarcelados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desarrollar y validar una escala original para medir las actitudes de las enfermeras hacia los pacientes encarcelados.
- Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la escala desarrollada.
Principales métodos:
- Pruebas psicométricas con un diseño de prueba y re-prueba.
- Análisis exploratorio y confirmatorio de factores (EFA/CFA) en una muestra de 672 enfermeras.
- Valoración de la validez del contenido mediante la técnica de Lawshe.
- Se evaluó la consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach) y la estabilidad temporal (fiabilidad de prueba-reprueba).
Principales resultados:
- Se desarrolló una escala de 12 puntos, que comprende tres factores: actitudes discriminatorias, malestar emocional e igualdad de los pacientes.
- Las cargas del factor oscilaron entre 0,69 y 0,85, lo que respalda la validez de la construcción.
- El análisis de factores de confirmación indicó un ajuste aceptable del modelo.
- Se demostró una alta consistencia interna (alfa de Cronbach = 0,84) y una fiabilidad moderada en las pruebas repetidas.
Conclusiones:
- La escala desarrollada es una herramienta válida y confiable para evaluar las actitudes de las enfermeras hacia los pacientes encarcelados.
- Los hallazgos apoyan la necesidad de intervenciones y políticas específicas para abordar posibles sesgos y mejorar la atención para esta población.
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