El consumo de cannabis en una muestra comunitaria de adultos diagnosticados con TDAH: prevalencia, impacto en los
Jennie E Ryan1, Allison Herens1, Mitchell Fruchtman1
1Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
Journal of attention disorders
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
El consumo de cannabis es común en adultos con trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH). Los consumidores diarios de cannabis tienen tasas más altas de trastornos por consumo de cannabis y de comorbilidades psiquiátricas, lo que indica la necesidad de un cribado clínico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- La psiquiatría
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- El trastorno por déficit de atención e hiperactividad (TDAH) es un trastorno del desarrollo neurológico frecuente.
- El consumo de cannabis es cada vez más común, especialmente entre los adultos jóvenes.
- La relación entre el TDAH, el consumo de cannabis y los resultados de la salud mental requiere más investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar la prevalencia y los correlatos del consumo de cannabis en adultos con TDAH.
- Explorar el impacto del consumo de cannabis en los síntomas del TDAH, las comorbilidades y los efectos secundarios estimulantes.
- Investigar la relación entre el consumo diario y no diario de cannabis y los resultados específicos.
Principales métodos:
- Se distribuyó una encuesta en línea anónima a 9.274 adultos con un diagnóstico documentado de TDAH.
- La encuesta recopiló datos sobre la demografía, el historial médico, los patrones de consumo de cannabis y el manejo de los síntomas del TDAH.
- 900 participantes completaron la encuesta, que incluía medidas validadas para los trastornos por consumo de cannabis y las comorbilidades.
Principales resultados:
- El 75% de los adultos con TDAH informó haber consumido cannabis alguna vez; el 41% informó haberlo consumido en los 30 días anteriores.
- Los usuarios diarios de cannabis presentaron tasas más altas de trastorno por consumo de cannabis (62% frente a 38%) y ansiedad comórbida, depresión, trastorno bipolar y TEPT en comparación con los usuarios no diarios.
- El consumo de cannabis tuvo efectos mixtos en los síntomas del TDAH, y los usuarios diarios informaron mejoras en la frustración y la impulsividad, pero empeoraron la falta de atención.
Conclusiones:
- El consumo de cannabis es muy frecuente en adultos con TDAH.
- El consumo diario de cannabis está asociado con un mayor riesgo de trastornos por consumo de cannabis y comorbilidades psiquiátricas.
- Los médicos deben detectar trastornos por consumo de cannabis y comorbilidades psiquiátricas en adultos con TDAH que consumen cannabis.
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