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Raquitismo

Sumana Narasimhan^1,2, Andrew Lavik¹, Moises Auron^2,3,4,5

¹Pediatric Endocrinology, Cleveland Clinic Children's, Cleveland, Ohio.

Pediatrics in review

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

El raquitismo, una enfermedad ósea pediátrica común, proviene principalmente de la deficiencia de vitamina D, pero también puede ser el resultado de problemas de calcio, fósforo o genéticos. El diagnóstico precoz y el tratamiento personalizado son cruciales para la salud y el desarrollo óseo.

Área de la Ciencia:

Pediatría
Endocrinología
Enfermedad ósea metabólica

Sus antecedentes:

El raquitismo es una enfermedad pediátrica no transmisible prevalente, particularmente en las naciones de ingresos bajos a medios.
Deteriora la mineralización ósea, lo que lleva a fragilidad, deformidades, problemas de crecimiento y dolor.
El raquitismo nutricional, a menudo debido a la deficiencia de vitamina D, es la causa más frecuente de enfermedad ósea a nivel mundial.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para esbozar las diversas etiologías de raquitismo más allá de la deficiencia de vitamina D.
Para resaltar los marcadores bioquímicos de diagnóstico para diferenciar los tipos de raquitismo.
Discutir las estrategias actuales de tratamiento para diversas formas de raquitismo.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la fisiopatología y la presentación clínica del raquitismo.
Análisis de las pruebas bioquímicas (calcio en suero/urina, fósforo, vitamina D, fosfatasa alcalina, hormona paratiroidea) para el diagnóstico.
Resumen de los métodos de tratamiento basados en la etiología del raquitismo.

Principales resultados:

La deficiencia de vitamina D es la causa más común, pero otros factores como el metabolismo de calcio / fósforo y los trastornos genéticos son significativos.
Las pruebas bioquímicas ayudan a distinguir entre los diferentes tipos de raquitismo.
El tratamiento eficaz optimiza el crecimiento y reduce la discapacidad a largo plazo.

Conclusiones:

El raquitismo requiere una evaluación exhaustiva para identificar su causa específica.
El tratamiento oportuno y adecuado, incluida la reposición de vitamina D u otras terapias dirigidas, es esencial para controlar el raquitismo.
Comprender las diversas etiologías es clave para el manejo exitoso de la enfermedad ósea pediátrica.

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