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Asociación entre la sensibilidad al sabor amargo y el estado de peso en adultos: una revisión sistemática y un
Alia Shareef1, Getahun Fentaw Mulaw2,3, Kruti Rathore4
1School of Allied Health, Sport and Social Work, Griffith University, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia.
Nutrition reviews
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
La sensibilidad al sabor amargo no afecta significativamente el estado general de peso en adultos. Sin embargo, puede influir en la distribución de la grasa corporal, lo que sugiere un papel matizado en las estrategias de control de peso.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencias de la nutrición
- Fisiología humana
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- La percepción del sabor amargo influye en los hábitos alimenticios y el consumo de alimentos.
- Las investigaciones existentes sobre el vínculo entre la sensibilidad al sabor amargo y el peso corporal no son concluyentes.
- Comprender esta relación es crucial para desarrollar estrategias efectivas de control de peso y dieta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y metaanalizar sistemáticamente la asociación entre la sensibilidad al sabor amargo y el estado de peso de los adultos.
- Para explorar los posibles moderadores de esta relación utilizando la meta-regresión.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un metanálisis completo y una metarregresión.
- Se realizaron búsquedas sistemáticas de la literatura en las principales bases de datos científicas (EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, Scopus, PsycInfo) hasta marzo de 2024.
- Se analizaron datos de 27 estudios con adultos sanos, evaluando la sensibilidad al sabor y las medidas antropométricas.
Principales resultados:
- No se encontró una asociación significativa entre la sensibilidad al sabor amargo y el estado general de peso (dz de Cohen = -0,02).
- Los análisis de subgrupos no revelaron diferencias significativas entre los no degustadores, los degustadores medios y los superdegustadores.
- La meta-regresión identificó la relación cintura-cadera como un moderador significativo (P = 0,004), lo que indica un efecto en la distribución de la grasa corporal.
Conclusiones:
- La sensibilidad al sabor amargo no parece ser un determinante significativo del estado general de peso de los adultos.
- Los hallazgos sugieren un papel potencial para la sensibilidad al sabor amargo en la modulación de la distribución de la grasa corporal.
- La alta heterogeneidad y la variabilidad metodológica subrayan la necesidad de protocolos de investigación estandarizados en este campo.
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