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Urticaria crónica concomitante en niños: un fenotipo distinto y severo
International archives of allergy and immunology
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Los niños con urticaria espontánea crónica (CSU) y urticaria inducible crónica (CIndU) muestran una condición más grave. Este fenotipo a menudo requiere tratamientos avanzados como omalizumab en comparación con los que solo tienen CSU o CIndU.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Pediatría
- Alergia e inmunología
- Dermatología
Sus antecedentes:
- La urticaria espontánea crónica (CSU) incluye urticaria/angioedema sin un desencadenante claro, que dura más de seis semanas.
- La urticaria inducible crónica (UIC) es una forma distinta de urticaria provocada por estímulos ambientales específicos.
- La CSU y la CIndU simultáneas en niños presentan un desafío clínico único, que requiere la diferenciación de los tipos aislados de urticaria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Para caracterizar a los pacientes pediátricos con CSU y CIndU simultáneos.
- Identificar los factores distintivos entre el CSU/CIndU concomitante y el CSU o el CIndU aislado.
- Comprender el fenotipo clínico y las necesidades de tratamiento de los niños con tipos combinados de urticaria.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte prospectivo realizado durante 11 años (2013-2024) en el Hospital Infantil de Montreal.
- Inclusión de pacientes pediátricos (0-18 años) con diagnóstico de urticaria crónica.
- Exclusión de pacientes con dermatografía sintomática para centrarse en otros tipos de CIndU.
Principales resultados:
- De los 202 pacientes pediátricos con urticaria crónica, 20 (9,9%) tenían tanto CSU como CIndU.
- La urticaria fría fue la ECI más frecuente en el grupo concomitante (45%).
- En comparación con los grupos con urticaria aislada, los pacientes con CSU/ CIndU simultáneos presentaron una mayor cantidad de CSU no controlada (60%) y un mayor uso de omalizumab (20%).
Conclusiones:
- Los pacientes pediátricos con CSU y CIndU concomitantes representan un fenotipo más severo de urticaria crónica.
- Este fenotipo severo a menudo requiere terapias biológicas avanzadas, como el omalizumab.
- Comprender estas distinciones es crucial para las estrategias adecuadas de manejo y tratamiento de la urticaria pediátrica.
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