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La dinámica cambiante de la invasión de Aedes aegypti y el riesgo de enfermedades transmitidas por vectores para las
Kara Fikrig1, Arnold O Noriega2, Rosa A Rodriguez2
1Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America.
PLoS neglected tropical diseases
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Los mosquitos Aedes aegypti están invadiendo las zonas rurales de la Amazonía a través de las rutas marítimas, lo que representa un riesgo significativo para el virus del dengue. Se necesitan con urgencia medidas de control para evitar una mayor propagación en estas comunidades vulnerables.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Entomología médica
- La medicina tropical
- Salud pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Aedes aegypti es el principal vector del virus del dengue, considerado históricamente un mosquito urbano en las Américas.
- Las campañas de erradicación en las Américas se centraron principalmente en los centros urbanos, lo que llevó a una percepción de presencia rural limitada.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la presencia y los patrones de invasión de Aedes aegypti en las zonas rurales del norte de la Amazonía peruana.
- Evaluar el riesgo entomológico de transmisión del dengue en estas zonas rurales recién invadidas.
Principales métodos:
- Se llevaron a cabo colecciones de mosquitos adultos en interiores utilizando aspiradores prokopack a través de un gradiente rural a urbano.
- Las encuestas incluyeron 30 sitios, con 14 sitios rurales muestreados en tramos de puertos fluviales en el interior.
- Se cuantificaron los índices de Aedes aegypti en adultos para evaluar los niveles de infestación.
Principales resultados:
- Se encontraron poblaciones de Aedes aegypti en 29 de los 30 sitios estudiados, incluida una invasión rural generalizada a lo largo de las principales rutas marítimas.
- Los niveles de infestación en las aldeas rurales fueron comparables o superiores a los de las ciudades endémicas de dengue.
- La proximidad a los puertos fluviales se correlacionó con una mayor infestación de Aedes aegypti, lo que sugiere una invasión a través de mosquitos adultos que desembarcan de los barcos.
Conclusiones:
- El estudio desafía la noción de Aedes aegypti como un mosquito exclusivamente urbano, revelando una importante invasión rural en la Amazonía peruana.
- Los altos índices de Aedes aegypti en las zonas rurales indican un riesgo entomológico sustancial de transmisión del dengue.
- La aplicación urgente de medidas de control de vectores es crucial para mitigar las amenazas a la salud pública en estas comunidades remotas.
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