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Nicole Fernández-Viña¹, Lia C H Fernald¹, Rita Hamad¹

¹Nicole Fernández-Viña and Lia C. H. Fernald are with the Division of Community Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley. Rita Hamad and Kaitlyn E. Jackson are with the Department of Social & Behavioral Sciences, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA. Wendi Gosliner is with the Nutrition Policy Institute, University of California, Division of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Oakland, CA.

American journal of public health

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

Las expansiones de ayuda pandémica como el Crédito Tributario por Hijos mejoraron la seguridad alimentaria y de vivienda para las familias de bajos ingresos. Sin embargo, los vencimientos de las prestaciones y los obstáculos administrativos crearon desafíos significativos, lo que puso de relieve la necesidad de programas de red de seguridad estables y accesibles.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud pública
Investigación en servicios de salud
La política social

Sus antecedentes:

Las expansiones de la red de seguridad en la era de la pandemia tenían como objetivo mitigar las dificultades económicas.
La comprensión de las experiencias de los beneficiarios es crucial para la evaluación de las políticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

Para explorar las experiencias de las familias de bajos ingresos de California con los cambios de apoyo de la red de seguridad pandémica.
Identificar las barreras para acceder a estos programas vitales.

Principales métodos:

Estudio cualitativo con preguntas abiertas con 44 cuidadores de niños pequeños.
Técnica de inmersión y cristalización para el análisis de datos y la identificación de temas.

Principales resultados:

Las familias apreciaron las expansiones de la red de seguridad, notando una mejor seguridad alimentaria y de vivienda.
Las variaciones en el calendario y la expiración de las prestaciones supusieron desafíos para satisfacer las necesidades básicas.
Las cargas administrativas obstaculizaban considerablemente el acceso a los programas.

Conclusiones:

Las políticas ampliadas como el Crédito Tributario Infantil y SNAP impactaron positivamente la seguridad alimentaria y la vivienda.
Los cambios impredecibles en los beneficios aumentaron el estrés a pesar de la apreciación inicial.
Abordar las barreras administrativas es clave para reducir las desigualdades en salud relacionadas con la pobreza.

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