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Consenso internacional de expertos en múltiples especialidades sobre la nomenclatura de la parálisis facial
Samuel L Oyer1, Rachel Baptista2, Kofi Boahene3
1Facial Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Otolaryngology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, USA.
Facial plastic surgery & aesthetic medicine
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Los expertos en el nervio facial llegaron a un consenso sobre la terminología estandarizada para la sinquinesis facial y sus tratamientos. "Sinquinesis facial" es el término recomendado, con "quimiodenervación" para términos médicos y específicos para intervenciones quirúrgicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Investigación del nervio facial
- Terminología médica
Sus antecedentes:
- Existe una terminología inconsistente en la literatura médica para la sinquinesis facial y la hipertonicidad después de la parálisis facial.
- La falta de nomenclatura estandarizada complica la investigación y la comunicación clínica con respecto a las afecciones y tratamientos del nervio facial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Establecer un consenso sobre la nomenclatura de la sinquinesis facial y sus tratamientos médicos y quirúrgicos asociados.
- Estandarizar la terminología entre un grupo multidisciplinario de expertos internacionales en el nervio facial.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó una metodología Delphi modificada, que incluía encuestas en línea y discusiones virtuales.
- Un panel internacional y multidisciplinario de 25 expertos en el nervio facial participó en tres rondas de consenso.
- El consenso fue definido como un acuerdo a priori por al menos el 80% del grupo de expertos.
Principales resultados:
- Se llegó a un consenso sobre el término "sinquinesis facial" para la condición, con un 84% de acuerdo.
- "Chemodenervación" fue acordado por unanimidad para los tratamientos médicos (100% de acuerdo).
- Los términos específicos para los tratamientos quirúrgicos (neurectomía facial selectiva, neurotomía, miectomía, miotomía) alcanzaron el 100% de acuerdo.
Conclusiones:
- Los expertos internacionales han recomendado una nomenclatura estandarizada para la sinquinesis facial y sus tratamientos.
- Si bien "sinquinesis facial" es el término preferido, se observaron sus limitaciones para abarcar todo el espectro clínico (hipertonicidad, debilidad, contracciones).
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