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Depresión clínica y subumbral en una muestra epidemiológica de adolescentes
Nate T Kwok1, Suzanne H So1, Sandra S M Chan2
1Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
Journal of affective disorders
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
La depresión subumbral (SD) es más común que el trastorno depresivo mayor (MDD) en los adolescentes, afectando el bienestar y el funcionamiento. Se necesita más investigación para comprender la progresión de SD a MDD.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La psiquiatría
- Epidemiología
- Salud de los adolescentes
Sus antecedentes:
- Comprender el continuo clínico de la depresión, incluido el trastorno depresivo mayor (TDM) y la depresión subumbral (SD), es crucial para la detección temprana y la prevención en adolescentes.
- La adolescencia es un período común para la aparición de trastornos depresivos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la prevalencia del TDM y la SD en una población adolescente.
- Comparar los resultados psicosociales de los adolescentes con TDM y SD con los controles sanos (HC).
Principales métodos:
- Se reclutó una muestra aleatoria de 2295 adolescentes de entre 12 y 17 años de edad de las escuelas de Hong Kong.
- Se utilizaron entrevistas de diagnóstico estructuradas para determinar las prevalencias a los 12 meses de MDD y SD.
- Se compararon los datos demográficos, el deterioro y el bienestar entre los grupos MDD, SD y HC.
Principales resultados:
- Las estimaciones de prevalencia fueron del 4,3% para la DM y del 7,8% para la SD, siendo ambas más comunes en las niñas.
- Los adolescentes con SD mostraron una disminución del bienestar y un deterioro funcional significativo en comparación con los HC.
- La SD se asoció con una comorbilidad psiquiátrica sustancial, con un 61,5% que cumplía con los criterios para otro trastorno.
Conclusiones:
- La depresión subumbral (SD) es más frecuente que el trastorno depresivo mayor (MDD) en los adolescentes.
- La SD se presenta con una comorbilidad psiquiátrica significativa y un impacto funcional, similar al TDM.
- Se necesita más investigación para comprender la transición de los trastornos depresivos a trastornos depresivos en toda regla.
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