Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Sep 9, 2025

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Chronic Intermittent Ethanol Vapor Exposure Paired with Two-Bottle Choice to Model Alcohol Use Disorder

Published on: June 23, 2023

Un marco conceptual para la intersección de hiperalgesia y hiperkatifeia en la adicción al alcohol

George F Koob¹, Leandro F Vendruscolo²

¹National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Integrative Neuroscience Research Branch, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD, USA.

Alcohol (Fayetteville, N.Y.)

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

El trastorno por consumo de alcohol implica la búsqueda compulsiva de drogas impulsada por el dolor físico y emocional inducido por la abstinencia. Dirigirse a este dolor (hiperalgesia e hiperkatifeia) puede ofrecer nuevas vías de tratamiento para la adicción.

Área de la Ciencia:

La neurociencia
Investigación de las adicciones
Medicina para el dolor

Sus antecedentes:

El trastorno por consumo de alcohol (AUD) es una condición recurrente caracterizada por la búsqueda compulsiva de drogas.
La desregulación motivacional a través de las etapas de adicción, particularmente la abstinencia, conduce a la recaída.
El refuerzo negativo, que implica el uso de alcohol para aliviar el dolor de la abstinencia, es un factor clave.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el papel de la hiperalgesia y la hiperkatifeia en la abstinencia prolongada del alcohol.
Para explorar los fundamentos neurobiológicos del dolor y el afecto negativo en AUD.
Proponer un marco para comprender la intersección del dolor físico y emocional en la adicción.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura existente sobre el DIU, los síntomas de abstinencia y la percepción del dolor.
Análisis de neurocircuitos y adaptaciones moleculares en sistemas de recompensa y estrés.
Conceptualización del modelo de catastrofismo, ansiedad, urgencia negativa y expectativa (CANUE).

Principales resultados:

El abuso repetido de alcohol induce hiperalgesia e hiperkatifeia, aumentando el dolor y los estados emocionales negativos.
Estos síntomas de abstinencia persistentes están relacionados con la búsqueda compulsiva de alcohol.
Los circuitos cerebrales compartidos, particularmente la amígdala extendida, median tanto el dolor físico como el emocional.

Conclusiones:

La hiperalgesia y la hiperkatifeia inducidas por la abstinencia del alcohol persisten en la abstinencia prolongada, lo que contribuye a la búsqueda compulsiva de alcohol.
La interacción del dolor físico y emocional, influenciado por las cargas alostáticas, es fundamental para el AUD.
Dirigirse a la hiperalgesia y la hiperkatifeia presenta una nueva estrategia terapéutica para el AUD.

Más Videos Relacionados

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

Investigating Drivers of Antireward in Addiction Behavior with Anatomically Specific Single-Cell Gene Expression Methods

Published on: August 4, 2022

A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training

A Method for Evaluating the Reinforcing Properties of Ethanol in Rats without Water Deprivation, Saccharin Fading or Extended Access Training

Published on: January 29, 2017

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

CNS Depressants: Alcohol and Nicotine

Ethanol, a clear colorless alcohol, has been consumed by humans for millennia, but its effects on the body are far from benign. At lower doses, it induces decreased inhibitions and loquaciousness, leading to its social appeal. However, it can cause severe consequences at higher doses, such as coma and respiratory depression, due to its zero-order elimination kinetics. Chronic ethanol abuse wreaks havoc on multiple organ systems, particularly the CNS and the liver. Abrupt cessation of ethanol...

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug Abuse and Addiction: Pharmacological Phenomena

Drug dependence, abuse, and addiction are complex phenomena that can precipitate various abnormal states. Physical dependence refers to a state of pharmacological adaptation to a drug. This adaptation often results in tolerance—a reduced response to the drug after repeated administrations. When the drug use is abruptly stopped, withdrawal symptoms occur due to the body's need to readjust from the pharmacologically induced imbalance. However, tolerance and withdrawal symptoms do not...

Analgesia and Pain Management

Analgesia and Pain Management

Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...

Depressants

Depressants

Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...

Nociception

Nociception

Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.

Drug Dependence

Drug Dependence

Medications are typically administered to achieve therapeutic effects. Some drugs can modify an individual's mood and perception, frequently resulting in various enjoyable experiences. However, this can result in drug dependency, a condition marked by continuous drug use despite potential negative consequences. Drug dependency primarily falls into two categories: psychological and physical dependence. Psychological dependence occurs when the pleasurable feelings induced by the drug...