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Caracterización de las tendencias de investigación en la bronquiectasia a través de análisis basados en IA

Jayanth Kumar Narayana1, Yolanda Koo Wei Ling1, Micheál Mac Aogáin2,3

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El análisis de la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) revela un aumento significativo en la investigación de las bronquiectasias, con nuevos temas que emergen rápidamente. Este cambio indica un movimiento hacia la atención centrada en el paciente y destaca las tendencias en evolución de la investigación.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Medicina de los pulmones
  • La informática médica
  • Información bibliométrica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El interés por la investigación de las bronquiectasias está creciendo.
  • Los estudios anteriores no han utilizado la Inteligencia Artificial (IA) para analizar las tendencias de la investigación, los temas y las brechas de conocimiento en la bronquiectasia.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Caracterizar las tendencias de investigación, los temas y las brechas de conocimiento en la literatura sobre la bronquiectasia utilizando IA.
  • Evaluar la evolución de la investigación sobre las bronquiectasias durante un período de 75 años.

Principales métodos:

  • Una revisión de 75 años (1949-2024) de la investigación original de las bronquiectasias.
  • Se emplearon dos enfoques basados en IA: ATLAS (modelado de temas de IA) y un modelo personalizado basado en ChatGPT.

Principales resultados:

  • La investigación sobre la bronquiectasia se ha acelerado nueve veces desde el año 2000, con cuatro nuevos temas que surgen cada cinco años.
  • Las tendencias de publicación se correlacionan con avances como la tomografía computarizada de alta resolución (HRCT), la secuenciación de próxima generación y las directrices clínicas.
  • Las áreas de investigación sostenidas incluyen la superposición bronquiectasia-EPOC y la infección por microbioma; los temas de tendencia incluyen patógenos microbianos y genética de discinesia ciliar primaria (PCD). La mortalidad es un tema incipiente con un alto interés año tras año.

Conclusiones:

  • La IA demuestra que la bronquiectasia es un campo dinámico e interdisciplinario con crecimiento continuo.
  • Los temas emergentes sugieren una transición de enfoques de investigación centrados en la enfermedad a enfoques centrados en el paciente para mejorar la atención clínica.