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Epicentros enraizados en el desarrollo neurológico en la esquizofrenia: eje espacial de asociación sensorimotora de
Yun-Shuang Fan1,2, Yong Xu3, Meike Dorothee Hettwer2,4,5,6
1The Clinical Hospital of Chengdu Brain Science Institute, School of Life Science and Technology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China.
Molecular psychiatry
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
La esquizofrenia de inicio temprano (EOS) muestra patrones de reorganización cortical distintos, con reducciones de espesor en las regiones de asociación y aumentos en las áreas sensoriomotoras. Estos cambios están vinculados a expresiones genéticas específicas, lo que sugiere orígenes compartidos con otros trastornos del desarrollo neurológico.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La neurociencia
- Psiquiatría del desarrollo
- La genética
Sus antecedentes:
- Los trastornos patológicos de la esquizofrenia pueden propagarse a través del conectoma del cerebro con el tiempo.
- Comprender la reorganización cortical temprana en el desarrollo de la esquizofrenia es crucial para identificar los orígenes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar los orígenes patológicos tempranos de la esquizofrenia utilizando la esquizofrenia de inicio temprano (EOS) como modelo de desarrollo neurológico.
- Explorar cómo el conectoma funcional y estructural guía la reorganización cortical temprana en EOS.
Principales métodos:
- Se compararon 95 pacientes con primer episodio de EOS (7-17 años) que no habían tomado antipsicóticos con 99 pacientes de control de desarrollo típico.
- Utilizó modelos de conectividad normativos para analizar el grosor cortical e identificar epicentros de cambio.
- Se examinaron los datos transcriptómicos post-mortem de seis donantes para correlacionarlos con los hallazgos del epicentro.
Principales resultados:
- Los pacientes con EOS presentaron reducciones generalizadas del grosor cortical, particularmente en las regiones de asociación (lenguaje, afecto, cognición), y aumentos en las áreas corticales primarias (sensorimotor).
- El análisis transcriptómico reveló cambios relacionados con los oligodendrocitos en el epicentro sensoriomotor y la expresión de neuronas excitatorias/inhibidoras en el epicentro de asociación.
- El mapa del epicentro se correlacionó con trastornos del desarrollo neurológico desregulados y genes de la región acelerada humana.
Conclusiones:
- Los orígenes patológicos de la esquizofrenia están enraizados en el desarrollo neurológico, con patrones distintos de reorganización cortical en casos de inicio temprano.
- Los hallazgos sugieren determinantes genéticos compartidos entre la esquizofrenia y otros trastornos del desarrollo neurológico.
- El estudio destaca el papel del conectoma en la orientación de la propagación patológica temprana en la esquizofrenia.
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