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Una comparación de la composición del microbioma oral entre atletas altamente entrenados y controles no entrenados
Annabel Simpson1, Bob T Rosier2, Javier Pons Tamarit2
1Sport and Physical Activity Research Institute, University of the West of Scotland, Blantyre, Scotland.
Scientific reports
|August 28, 2025
Resumen
Los atletas competitivos exhiben perfiles de microbioma oral distintos, particularmente en la lengua, con niveles más altos de bacterias reductoras de nitratos vinculados a una mejor aptitud aeróbica. Esto sugiere que el ejercicio influye en el microbioma oral, beneficiando potencialmente la salud en general.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Microbiología
- Fisiología del ejercicio
- Salud bucal
Sus antecedentes:
- El microbioma oral juega un papel vital en la producción de óxido nítrico (NO), influyendo tanto en la salud oral como en la sistémica.
- Comprender cómo los factores de estilo de vida como el ejercicio afectan el microbioma oral es crucial para la investigación de la salud.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Comparar la composición del microbioma oral y los marcadores de producción de óxido nítrico (NO) entre atletas competitivos altamente entrenados y controles inactivos.
- Investigar la relación entre el entrenamiento físico, las alteraciones del microbioma oral y la aptitud aeróbica.
Principales métodos:
- Reclutado 10 atletas competitivos y 10 controles inactivos.
- Se analizaron la saliva, el plasma, la placa supragingival y el microbioma dorsal de la lengua utilizando secuenciación de ARNr 16S de larga lectura.
- Nivel de nitrato (NO3-) y nitrito (NO2-) medido mediante quimioluminiscencia basada en el ozono; aptitud aeróbica evaluada (V·O2max).
Principales resultados:
- La diversidad beta del microbioma dorsal de la lengua difería entre los atletas y los controles (Adonis p=0,046).
- Los atletas mostraron una mayor abundancia relativa de Rothia mucilaginosa reductora de NO3 y especies de Gemella no clasificadas en el dorso de la lengua.
- Los atletas tenían niveles salivales significativamente más altos de NO3- (p=0,003) y NO2- (p=0,03).
- Se observaron correlaciones positivas entre R. mucilaginosa, Gemella no clasificado y la aptitud aeróbica.
Conclusiones:
- El entrenamiento físico parece tener un impacto selectivo en el microbioma dorsal de la lengua, aumentando las bacterias beneficiosas asociadas con la producción de NO.
- Los hallazgos sugieren un vínculo potencial entre el ejercicio constante y una composición de microbioma oral más saludable.
- Se necesita más investigación para dilucidar los mecanismos que conectan el ejercicio, el microbioma oral y la salud sistémica.
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