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El impacto del estrés crónico materno en el parto prematuro espontáneo: evidencia de un estudio de cohorte chino

Xu Zhou¹, Liuxiao Zhang², Xiang Hong¹

¹Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.

BMC pregnancy and childbirth

|August 28, 2025

Resumen

El estrés crónico materno, medido como carga alostática (AL), está relacionado con un mayor riesgo de parto prematuro espontáneo (sPTB). La clase de desregulación metabólico-inmune de la AL mostró una asociación significativa con el riesgo de TBP.

Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Reproductiva
Medicina materna y fetal
Fisiología del estrés

Sus antecedentes:

El estrés crónico durante el embarazo es una preocupación por los resultados adversos del parto.
La carga alostática (AL) cuantifica el desgaste fisiológico acumulado por el estrés crónico.
La asociación entre la AL materna y el parto prematuro espontáneo requiere más investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la relación entre la carga alostática materna y el riesgo de parto prematuro espontáneo.
Identificar patrones específicos de AL que pueden estar asociados con un mayor riesgo de TBP.

Principales métodos:

Estudio prospectivo de cohorte en China con 637 mujeres embarazadas.
Carga alostática (AL) evaluada mediante el uso de 10 biomarcadores en el momento de la inscripción.
Análisis de clase latente (LCA) y regresión logística utilizada para analizar los patrones de AL y la asociación de sPTB.

Principales resultados:

Se encontró una asociación positiva significativa entre las puntuaciones más altas de AL y el aumento del riesgo de sPTB (OR=1,28).
Las mujeres en el grupo de AL alta tenían un riesgo duplicado de sPTB (OR=2,09).
Una clase distinta de desregulación metabólico-inmune de la AL se asoció significativamente con un mayor riesgo de TBP (OR=2, 60).

Conclusiones:

La carga alostática materna (AL) durante el embarazo se asocia con un riesgo elevado de parto prematuro espontáneo (sPTB).
El patrón de desregulación metabólico-inmune de la AL está particularmente relacionado con la TBP.
La evaluación de la AL y el estrés crónico puede ayudar a identificar los embarazos de alto riesgo para la TBP.

Palabras clave:

Carga alostática El estrés crónico Análisis de las clases latentes Espalda cúbica restringida Nacimiento prematuro espontáneo

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