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El ciclo del peso y el riesgo de cáncer en el estudio hermano
Victoria L Stevens1, Jessica Priest1, Jesse Wilkerson1
1Public Health and Scientific Research, DLH, Durham, NC.
American journal of epidemiology
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
El ciclo intencional de peso, o la pérdida y recuperación intencional repetida, no aumenta el riesgo de cáncer. De hecho, puede reducir el riesgo de cáncer de mama, especialmente en mujeres obesas y posmenopáusicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- En el campo de la oncología
- Epidemiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Se supone que el ciclo de peso (pérdida y recuperación de peso intencional) influye en el desarrollo del cáncer.
- Los estudios epidemiológicos existentes sobre el ciclo del peso y el riesgo de cáncer arrojan resultados mixtos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la asociación entre los ciclos de peso y la incidencia del cáncer.
- Para determinar si los ciclos de peso alteran el riesgo de cáncer independientemente del peso corporal.
Principales métodos:
- Se analizó la cohorte del Estudio de Hermanas, que incluía a 45.004 mujeres.
- El ciclo de peso se evaluó a través de episodios autoinformados de pérdida y recuperación de ≥ 20 libras.
- La regresión proporcional de riesgos de Cox modeló la incidencia del cáncer durante un seguimiento mediano de 11,6 años.
Principales resultados:
- Los ciclos de peso no se asociaron con un mayor riesgo de cáncer después de ajustar el peso corporal.
- Se observó una asociación inversa significativa entre los ciclos de peso y el riesgo general de cáncer (HR 6+ episodios: 0,89).
- Los ciclos de peso mostraron una asociación inversa con el riesgo de cáncer de mama (HR 6+ episodios: 0,82), particularmente en mujeres obesas posmenopáusicas.
Conclusiones:
- Los ciclos de peso no elevan el riesgo de cáncer cuando se tiene en cuenta el peso corporal.
- Los ciclos de peso frecuentes pueden estar asociados con un riesgo reducido de cáncer de mama en subgrupos específicos.
- Se necesita más investigación para comprender los mecanismos detrás de estas asociaciones inversas.
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