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Encefalitis por anticuerpos NMDAR diagnosticada con linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central: una serie de casos

Soo Hyun Ahn¹, Cynthea Prima², Tae Min Kim³

¹Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.

Annals of clinical and translational neurology

|August 29, 2025

Resumen

La encefalitis por anticuerpos del receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDAR) puede estar relacionada con el linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central (PCNSL). Este estudio presenta tres casos que sugieren que la PCNSL es una posible causa paraneoplásica de la encefalitis NMDAR.

Área de la Ciencia:

Neurología
Inmunología
En el campo de la oncología

Sus antecedentes:

La encefalitis por anticuerpos del receptor de N-metil-D-aspartato (NMDAR) es un trastorno autoinmune común.
Se identifica una relación paraneoplásica en aproximadamente el 38% de los casos de encefalitis NMDAR.
El linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central (PCNSL) rara vez se considera una causa subyacente.

Objetivo del estudio:

Informar de tres casos de encefalitis NMDAR asociados con PCNSL.
Identificar las características clínicas que sugieren la coexistencia de estas enfermedades raras.
Destacar el PCNSL como una fuente potencial de paraneoplasia en la encefalitis NMDAR.

Principales métodos:

Serie de casos reportados de tres pacientes con sospecha de encefalitis por NMDAR.
Se revisaron los datos clínicos y los hallazgos diagnósticos.
El análisis se centró en la asociación entre la encefalitis NMDAR y la PCNSL.

Principales resultados:

Se han diagnosticado tres casos de encefalitis por NMDAR en pacientes con PCNSL.
Se observaron características clínicas específicas que indicaban la co-ocurrencia de ambas condiciones.
La PCNSL fue identificada como el probable origen paraneoplásico.

Conclusiones:

La PCNSL debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de la encefalitis autoinmune, en particular la encefalitis NMDAR.
Reconocer el vínculo entre la PCNSL y la encefalitis NMDAR puede mejorar el diagnóstico y el tratamiento.
Esta asociación subraya la importancia de investigar las posibles causas paraneoplásicas en los trastornos neurológicos autoinmunes.

Palabras clave:

Encefalitis por NMDAR Encefalitis autoinmune Encefalitis autoinmune Trastorno neurológico autoinmune paraneoplásico linfoma primario del sistema nervioso central

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