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Las experiencias de enfermeras y médicos de cuidados intensivos que implementan la movilización activa temprana en
Jiajia Kong1,2, Hengyang Wang1,3, Donghui Jia1,3
1The First Hospital of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
Nursing in critical care
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
Las enfermeras y los médicos de la unidad de cuidados intensivos (UCI) enfrentan diversas emociones y desafíos al implementar la movilización activa temprana (MEA) para pacientes ventilados mecánicamente. Abordarlos requiere una mejor planificación, recursos y colaboración para obtener mejores resultados para los pacientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina de cuidados intensivos
- Investigación en enfermería
- Investigación cualitativa en salud
Sus antecedentes:
- La inmovilidad prolongada en pacientes con ventilación mecánica causa complicaciones.
- La movilización activa temprana puede mitigar estos riesgos.
- Existe un entendimiento limitado con respecto a las experiencias del personal de la UCI con la implementación de EAM.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar las experiencias vividas de las enfermeras y médicos de la UCI que implementan EAM.
- Identificar los factores facilitadores y los obstáculos a la gestión del aire en los entornos de ventilación mecánica.
Principales métodos:
- Diseño cualitativo fenomenológico utilizando entrevistas semiestructuradas.
- Datos recopilados de 31 enfermeras y médicos en cinco unidades de cuidados intensivos terciarios en el oeste de China.
- Análisis temático realizado con el software NVivo.
Principales resultados:
- Las enfermeras informaron temas que incluían respuestas emocionales, beneficios percibidos, desafíos y expectativas.
- Los médicos identificaron temas relacionados con la necesidad de EAM, las necesidades de planificación, los factores de toma de decisiones y los roles profesionales.
- Ambos grupos ofrecieron sugerencias para mejorar la aplicación del MEA.
Conclusiones:
- Las experiencias del personal de la UCI tienen un impacto crítico en la implementación y la eficacia del EAM.
- La mejor asignación de recursos, la planificación y la colaboración interdisciplinaria son vitales para optimizar la recuperación del paciente.
- La formación personalizada y el apoyo institucional pueden mejorar la confianza y la eficiencia de las enfermeras en el MEA.
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