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Seis semanas de entrenamiento de intervalos de sprint de bajo volumen mejoran la absorción máxima de oxígeno en
John R M Renwick1, Jeff Crukley2, Masa Kudsi1
1Department of Kinesiology, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
El entrenamiento de intervalos de sprint de bajo volumen (LVSIT) aumenta significativamente la absorción máxima de oxígeno (VO2peak) en adultos jóvenes. Este programa de 6 semanas, realizado tres veces por semana, mejora la aptitud cardiovascular de manera más efectiva que la inactividad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología del ejercicio
- Salud cardiovascular
- Ciencias del deporte
Sus antecedentes:
- Estudios anteriores sugieren que el entrenamiento de intervalos de sprint de bajo volumen (LVSIT) mejora la absorción máxima de oxígeno (pico de VO2).
- Las limitaciones metodológicas de la investigación previa requieren una reevaluación más rigurosa.
- Deben abordarse las preocupaciones sobre la validez estadística y la calidad de los informes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Reevaluar la respuesta máxima de VO2 al LVSIT utilizando un ensayo controlado aleatorio.
- Para mitigar el sesgo y mejorar la calidad de los informes en la investigación de entrenamiento físico.
- Determinar la eficacia de LVSIT en adultos jóvenes insuficientemente activos.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó un diseño de ensayo controlado aleatorio.
- Los participantes fueron asignados al azar a LVSIT (n=17) o a un grupo de control (CTL, n=20).
- Se utilizó el modelado multivariado generativo bayesiano para analizar los cambios en el pico de VO2 durante 6 semanas.
Principales resultados:
- LVSIT aumentó significativamente el pico de VO2 absoluto y relativo en comparación con el grupo de control.
- El 94% de los participantes en el LVSIT mostraron una respuesta positiva en el pico relativo de VO2, frente al 20% en el grupo de control.
- El tiempo hasta el agotamiento mejoró en +133 segundos en el grupo LVSIT.
Conclusiones:
- Seis semanas de LVSIT tres veces por semana aumentan inequívocamente el pico de VO2 en adultos jóvenes insuficientemente activos.
- El estudio empleó elementos de diseño robustos, incluido el pre-registro y los métodos bayesianos, para abordar las críticas anteriores.
- LVSIT es una intervención eficaz para mejorar la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria.
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