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Prevalencia e implicación en el pronóstico de la sarcopenia entre pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca en estadio B:
Koichiro Matsumura1, Shun Morishita2, Junko Morimoto3
1Department of Cardiology, Kindai University Faculty of Medicine, Osakasayama, Japan.
Journal of the American Geriatrics Society
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
La sarcopenia, o pérdida muscular, empeora significativamente las perspectivas a largo plazo de los pacientes de edad avanzada con insuficiencia cardíaca en estadio B. La detección temprana de la sarcopenia es crucial para mejorar el pronóstico en esta población vulnerable.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Enfermedad de los ancianos
- Cardiología
- Nutrición clínica
Sus antecedentes:
- El pronóstico de la insuficiencia cardíaca (IF) es pobre, especialmente en los adultos mayores.
- Los síndromes geriátricos, incluida la sarcopenia, están relacionados con peores resultados en pacientes con IC.
- La prevalencia y el impacto pronóstico de la sarcopenia en el estadio B de la IH no se conocen bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia de la sarcopenia en adultos mayores con FH en estadio B.
- Investigar el impacto pronóstico a largo plazo de la sarcopenia en esta población.
Principales métodos:
- El estudio PAPRIKA- HF incluyó a 312 pacientes ambulatorios de ≥65 años con HF en estadio B.
- La sarcopenia fue diagnosticada utilizando los criterios del Grupo de Trabajo Asiático para la Sarcopenia 2019.
- El criterio de valoración primario fue una combinación de mortalidad por cualquier causa, infarto de miocardio o hospitalización por HF durante 2 años.
Principales resultados:
- El 17,7% de los pacientes (56/312) fueron diagnosticados con sarcopenia.
- Los pacientes con sarcopenia tuvieron una tasa de resultado compuesto a los 2 años significativamente mayor (25,0% frente a 2,7%, p < 0,0001).
- La sarcopenia fue un predictor independiente de mal pronóstico a largo plazo (RH: 5,78, p < 0,001).
Conclusiones:
- La sarcopenia es frecuente en adultos mayores con FH en estadio B.
- La sarcopenia está asociada con un pronóstico a largo plazo significativamente peor.
- El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento de la sarcopenia son importantes en la fase B de la IHF.
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