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Facilitación de la vía motivacional que vincula la actividad física y el comportamiento alimentario en los niños: un

Mathieu Gourlan¹, Jordan Guéritat²

¹Epidaure-Prevention Department of the Montpellier Cancer Institute, Montpellier, France; Univ. Paul Valéry Montpellier 3-EPSYLON EA 4556, F34000, Montpellier, France.

Journal of nutrition education and behavior

|August 29, 2025

Resumen

La motivación autónoma para la actividad física y el comportamiento alimentario no están constantemente vinculados en los niños. Sin embargo, una alta motivación autónoma para comer puede mejorar la transferencia motivacional de la actividad física al comportamiento alimentario.

Área de la Ciencia:

Psicología infantil
Ciencias del comportamiento
Promoción de la salud

Sus antecedentes:

La motivación autónoma, caracterizada por la voluntad y la elección, es crucial para el compromiso sostenido en los comportamientos de salud.
Existe una investigación empírica limitada sobre la interacción entre la motivación autónoma para la actividad física (AutMot PA) y el comportamiento alimentario (AutMot Eat) en los niños.
La teoría de la autodeterminación proporciona un marco para comprender las vías motivacionales en el cambio de comportamiento.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar las vías motivacionales recíprocas y moderadas entre AutMot PA y AutMot Eat en niños.
Examinar si AutMot PA influye en AutMot Eat y viceversa con el tiempo.
Para probar el papel moderador de AutMot Eat en la relación entre AutMot PA y el comportamiento alimentario posterior.

Principales métodos:

Un estudio longitudinal de 7 meses en el que participaron 180 niños de primaria (de 7 a 11 años) de Francia.
Los datos se recopilaron en dos puntos horarios (T1 y T2) utilizando cuestionarios que evaluaban la PA AutMot, AutMot Eat, la actividad física y los comportamientos alimenticios.
Se emplearon análisis de trayectoria para explorar los determinantes del comportamiento alimentario y la actividad física en T2.

Principales resultados:

No se encontró una relación recíproca longitudinal significativa entre AutMot PA y AutMot Eat.
Un efecto de interacción significativo indicó que AutMot PA en T1 predijo AutMot Eat en T2, pero sólo cuando AutMot Eat en T1 fue alto (β = 0.17, P = 0.02).
AutMot PA en T1 se relacionó significativamente con AutMot Eat en T2 (β = 0,47, P = 0,02) bajo condiciones de alto AutMot Eat en T1.

Conclusiones:

La transferencia motivacional entre la actividad física y el comportamiento alimentario no es sistemática en los niños.
Las intervenciones que promueven la actividad física y la alimentación saludable en los niños pueden ser más efectivas si priorizan el fortalecimiento de la motivación autónoma para el comportamiento alimentario.
La mejora de la motivación autónoma para comer puede facilitar el camino motivacional desde la actividad física hasta la mejora de los comportamientos alimentarios.

Palabras clave:

el régimen alimenticio ejercicio Estudios longitudinales autonomía personal

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