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La violencia étnica entre los adolescentes en los entornos educativos: una revisión sistemática
Mahdiyeh Noor Mohammady1, Mehran Asadi-Aliabadi2, Maryam Khazaee-Pool3
1Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
Child psychiatry and human development
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
La violencia étnica en las escuelas está influenciada por los estudiantes, el aula y los factores escolares. Las intervenciones deben abordar el estatus de inmigrante, la integración de la diversidad y las políticas escolares para apoyar a los adolescentes y prevenir daños.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Sociología
- Educación
- Criminología
Sus antecedentes:
- La creciente diversidad étnica en las escuelas requiere entender la violencia étnica.
- La violencia étnica tiene un impacto negativo en el bienestar y el rendimiento académico de los estudiantes.
- Abordar la violencia étnica requiere reconocer las complejidades de la diversidad y promover la inclusión.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar sistemáticamente los factores que contribuyen a la violencia étnica entre los adolescentes en el ámbito escolar.
- Identificar los factores determinantes a nivel de los estudiantes, las aulas y la escuela.
- Informar sobre las intervenciones específicas para la prevención y la mitigación.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática de los artículos desde 1990 hasta 2023.
- Busqué en las bases de datos de PubMed, Scopus y Web of Science.
- Palabras clave: raza / minoría étnica, adolescentes, la escuela, la violencia.
Principales resultados:
- Factores a nivel de estudiante: estatus de inmigrante, género, rendimiento académico (inmigrantes, niños de primera generación más involucrados).
- Factores a nivel del aula: composición étnica (la diversidad a veces exacerba las tensiones).
- Factores a nivel escolar: tamaño, seguridad, presencia de pandillas influyeron en la prevalencia.
Conclusiones:
- La violencia étnica está moldeada por factores de varios niveles: la generación de inmigrantes, el bajo estatus socioeconómico (SES), la falta de integración y el prejuicio a nivel escolar o la presencia de pandillas.
- Las consecuencias incluyen daño físico/psicológico, menor rendimiento académico y problemas de salud a largo plazo.
- Las intervenciones multinivel son cruciales para apoyar a los adolescentes, gestionar la diversidad y aplicar políticas contra las pandillas.
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