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Metabolismo del lactato en la salud y la enfermedad
Daniel A Kane1, Matthew L Goodwin2, L Bruce Gladden3
1Department of Human Kinetics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada.
Advances in experimental medicine and biology
|August 29, 2025
Resumen
El lactato, un metabolito clave, vincula la glucólisis con la producción de energía mitocondrial. Sus niveles reflejan el estado metabólico durante el ejercicio y la enfermedad, ofreciendo información clínica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- La bioquímica metabólica
- La bioenergía celular
- Fisiología del ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- El lactato (La-) es un metabolito central que vincula la glucólisis con la respiración mitocondrial.
- Desempeña un papel crucial en la coordinación metabólica de todo el cuerpo.
- El transporte de lactato es facilitado por los transportadores de monocarboxilato.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar las múltiples funciones del lactato en el metabolismo.
- Para resaltar la importancia del lactato en la fisiología del ejercicio y los estados de enfermedad.
- Discutir las posibles aplicaciones clínicas del monitoreo del lactato.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura existente sobre el metabolismo del lactato.
- Análisis del papel del lactato en los cambios metabólicos inducidos por el ejercicio.
- Examen de la participación del lactato en el metabolismo de las células cancerosas (efecto Warburg).
Principales resultados:
- Los niveles de lactato en la sangre proporcionan información sobre la producción glicolítica y el consumo mitocondrial.
- El entrenamiento físico conduce a adaptaciones en la acumulación de lactato.
- El lactato elevado en reposo puede indicar disfunción metabólica y enfermedad.
- Los tumores presentan una mayor producción de lactato incluso con oxígeno (efecto Warburg).
Conclusiones:
- El lactato es un indicador metabólico crítico con implicaciones para el rendimiento del ejercicio y la salud.
- Comprender la dinámica del lactato es vital para el diagnóstico y el manejo de los trastornos metabólicos.
- El papel del lactato se extiende a la señalización de las células cancerosas, presentando objetivos terapéuticos.
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